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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">milmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Военная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Military Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-5044</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/2074-5044.2025.2.66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">milmed-148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ. Новые технологии в медицине</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. New technologies in medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Маркеры, модели и алгоритмы оценки дыхательной недостаточности для прогноза течения COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Respiratory failure ae cause diagnostic respiratory failure markers, models and algorithms for predicting the course of COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панько</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pan’ko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаворонок</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhavoronok</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УЗ «Брестская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панько Е.С., Жаворонок С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панько Е.С., Жаворонок С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pan’ko E.S., Zhavoronok S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://milmed.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/148">https://milmed.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/148</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение</p><p>Искусственный интеллект широко использовался в борьбе с COVID-19, однако, проведено ограниченное количество исследований по разработке алгоритмов машинного обучения для прогнозирования длительности госпитализации COVID-19 пациентов с использованием функциональных маркеров дыхательной недостаточности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель:</p><p>определить наиболее репрезентативные функциональные маркеры дыхательной недостаточности с помощью сравнительного анализа моделей для прогноза длительности госпитализации пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы</p><p>Исследование выполнено с использованием базы данных 487 COVID-19 пациентов, которым в течение первых трех суток лечения определяли суррогатный индекс оксигенации (SpO2/FiO2), показатель ROX ((SpO2/FiO2)/частота дыханий) и одновременно проводили спирометрию для расчета «вентиляционного резерва» (MVV/MV) либо измерение максимального давления вдоха (MIP) и выдоха (MEP). Построение моделей логистической регрессии (LR) с последующим ROC-анализом применено для сравнения прогностических возможностей интегральных показателей гипоксии и силы (резерва) дыхательных мышц. Метод наименьших квадратов с расчетом коэффициента детерминации R2 использован как тестовый для оценки алгоритмов для калькуляции достоверности прогноза длительности госпитализации с использованием отобранных маркеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты</p><p>Построенные алгоритмы калькуляции вероятности выписки в течение семи дней с использованием ROX, SpO2/FiO2 и вентиляционного резерва показали, что полиномиальная аппроксимирующая функция пятой степени достаточно хорошо дискриминирует пациентов с риском продленной госпитализации (R2 = 0,87, 0,82 и 0,85 соответственно).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: наиболее эффективными функциональными маркерами для создания прогностических алгоритмов длительности госпитализации пациентов с COVID-19 являются интегральные показатели SpO2/FiO2, ROX, в сочетании с показателями резерва и силы дыхательных мышц VR и MIP, применение которых перспективно при разработке инструментов прогноза дыхательной недостаточности различной этиологии с использованием искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction</p><p>Artificial intelligence has been widely used in the fight against COVID-19. Very few studies have focused on creating algorithms and IT products to predict the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients, primarily using functional markers of respiratory failure.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: this study aims to identify the most representative functional markers of respiratory failure to create algorithms for predicting the length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods</p><p>A comparative analysis was performed using a database of 487 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized from December 2020 to May 2022, in whom a surrogate oxygenation index (SpO2/FiO2), ROX ((SpO2/FiO2)/respiratory rate) were measured during the first three days of treatment, and spirometry (n = 103, 62 ± 13 years) was also performed simultaneously to calculate “ventilatory reserve” (VR = MVV/MV) or measurement (n = 384, 61 ± 16 years) of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). Eleven logistic regression (LR) models were constructed/ selected, followed by ROC analysis and description of sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy (Ac). The least squares method and the coefficient of determination R2 was used to assess the possibility of constructing algorithms for calculating the prognosis of the Prolonged Length of Stay (PLoS) with the selected markers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results</p><p>The constructed algorithms for calculating the probability of discharge within seven days using ROX, SpO2/FiO2, and ventilation reserve showed that a fifth-degree polynomial approximating function discriminates fairly well against patients at risk of prolonged hospitalization (R2 = 0.87, 0.82, and 0.85, respectively).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the most effective functional markers for creating predictive algorithms for the duration of hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 are the integral SpO2/FiO2, ROX indicators, combined with the indicators of reserve and strength of the VR and MIP respiratory muscles, the use of which is promising in the development of tools for predicting respiratory failure of various etiologies using artificial intelligence.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>длительность госпитализации</kwd><kwd>модель</kwd><kwd>алгоритм</kwd><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>вентиляционный резерв</kwd><kwd>соотношение MVV/MV</kwd><kwd>слабость дыхательных мышц</kwd><kwd>максимальное давление вдоха и выдоха</kwd><kwd>MIP</kwd><kwd>MEP</kwd><kwd>пульсоксиметрия</kwd><kwd>соотношение SpO2/FiO2</kwd><kwd>ROX</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Length of Stay</kwd><kwd>hospital</kwd><kwd>predictive model</kwd><kwd>algorithm</kwd><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>ventilator reserve</kwd><kwd>MVV/MV ratio</kwd><kwd>respiratory muscle</kwd><kwd>maximal respiratory pressures</kwd><kwd>MIP</kwd><kwd>MEP</kwd><kwd>pulse oximetry</kwd><kwd>SpO2/FiO2 ratio</kwd><kwd>ROX index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piccialli, F. 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