milmedВоенная медицинаMilitary Medicine2074-5044Белорусский государственный медицинский университетmilmed-631Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESЧеловек в городе: превентивная и лечебная роль природных факторовPeople in city: preventive and medicinal role of the nature factorsБыковА. Т.BykovA. T.

г. Краснодар 

МаляренкоТ. Н.MalyarenkoT. N.

г. Краснодар 

УО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет»Russian Federation20182210202604104113Copyright © Быков А.Т., Маляренко Т.Н., 20262026Быков А.Т., Маляренко Т.Н.Bykov A.T., Malyarenko T.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://milmed.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/631

В данной обзорной статье в результате анализа англоязычной литературы 2017–2018 годов представлена роль ‘зелёных’ и ‘голубых’ пространств природы в улучшении микроклимата и дизайна городов и улучшения здоровья и психоэмоционального состояния горожан. Актуальность проблемы подчёркивается и рекомендациями ВОЗ, которая в 2017 году вновь оповестила, что считает стратегической задачей профилактику хронических неинфекционных заболеваний среди горожан, в том числе, путём дополнительного создания поддерживающих здоровье ‘зелёных’ и ‘голубых’ городских территорий, легкодоступных жителям разных районов. Увеличение физической активности, релаксации и межличностного взаимодействия в результате регулярного посещения ‘зеленых’ и ‘голубых’ оазисов городов – это главные пути превентивной медицины, безлекарственного улучшения здоровья и психоэмоционального состояния проживающих в них людей независимо от пола, возраста и состояния здоровья.

In this review article, in the analysis of the English-language literature of 2017–2018, the role of green and blue spaces of nature in improving the microclimate and design of cities and improving the city-dwellers’ health and psychoemotional state is presented. The urgency of the problem is underlined WHO recommendations, which again noted in 2017 that WHO considered a strategic objective the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases among citydwellers, including by means of additional creation of green and blue urban areas that support health and wellbeing, easily accessible to residents of various city’s districts. Increasing physical activity, relaxation and interpersonal interaction as a result of regular visits to the green and blue oases of any city are the main non-medical improvement of the health and psycho-emotional state of all city-dwellers regardless of gender, age and health status.

здоровье человеказелёные и голубые пространства городовcity-dwellers’ healthwellbeingcities’ green and blue spacesReferencesBrooks A. M., Ottley K. M., Arbuthnott K. D., Sevigny P. Nature-related mood effects: season and type of nature contact // J. Environ. Psychol. – 2017. – Vol. 54. – P. 91–102.Brooks A. M., Ottley K. M., Arbuthnott K. D., Sevigny P. Nature-related mood effects: season and type of nature contact // J. Environ. Psychol. – 2017. – Vol. 54. – P. 91–102.Brown S. C., Perrino T., Lombard J., et al. Health disparities in the relationship of neighborhood greenness to mental health outcomes in 249405 U. S. Medicare Beneficiaries // Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. – 2018. – Vol. 15. – Art. 430.Brown S. C., Perrino T., Lombard J., et al. Health disparities in the relationship of neighborhood greenness to mental health outcomes in 249405 U. S. Medicare Beneficiaries // Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. – 2018. – Vol. 15. – Art. 430.Craig J. M., Prescott S. L. Planning ahead the mental health value of natural environments // Lancet Planet. Health. – 2017. – Vol. 1. – e128-e129.Craig J. M., Prescott S. L. Planning ahead the mental health value of natural environments // Lancet Planet. Health. – 2017. – Vol. 1. – e128-e129.Crouse D. L., Pinault L., Balram A., et al. Urban greenness and mortality in Canada’s largest cities: a national cohort study // Lancet Planetary Health. – 2017. – Vol. 1. – e289-e297.Crouse D. L., Pinault L., Balram A., et al. Urban greenness and mortality in Canada’s largest cities: a national cohort study // Lancet Planetary Health. – 2017. – Vol. 1. – e289-e297.Cusack L., Larkin A., Carozza S., Hystad P. Associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes across Texas // Environ. Res. – 2017. – Vol. 152. – P. 88–95.Cusack L., Larkin A., Carozza S., Hystad P. Associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes across Texas // Environ. Res. – 2017. – Vol. 152. – P. 88–95.De Bell S., Graham H., Jarvis S., White P. The importance of nature in mediating social and psychological benefits associated with visits to freshwater blue space // Landsc. Urban Planning. – 2017. – Vol. 167. – P. 118–127.De Bell S., Graham H., Jarvis S., White P. The importance of nature in mediating social and psychological benefits associated with visits to freshwater blue space // Landsc. Urban Planning. – 2017. – Vol. 167. – P. 118–127.Demoury C., Thierry B., Richard H., et al. Residential greenness and risk of prostate cancer a case-control study in Montreal, Canada // Environ. Int. – 2017. – Vol. 98. – P. 129–136.Demoury C., Thierry B., Richard H., et al. Residential greenness and risk of prostate cancer a case-control study in Montreal, Canada // Environ. Int. – 2017. – Vol. 98. – P. 129–136.Douglas O., Lennon M., Scott M. Green space benefits for health and well-being: a life-course approach for urban planning, design and management // Cities. – 2017. – Vol. 66. – P. 53–62.Douglas O., Lennon M., Scott M. Green space benefits for health and well-being: a life-course approach for urban planning, design and management // Cities. – 2017. – Vol. 66. – P. 53–62.Dzhambov A., Hartig T., Markevych I., et al. Urban residential green space and mental health in youth: different approaches to testing multiple pathways yield different conclusions // Environ. Res. – 2018. – Vol. 160. – P. 47-59.Dzhambov A., Hartig T., Markevych I., et al. Urban residential green space and mental health in youth: different approaches to testing multiple pathways yield different conclusions // Environ. Res. – 2018. – Vol. 160. – P. 47-59.Feng X., Astell-Burt T. Residential green space quantity and quality and child well-being: a longitudinal study // Am. J. Prev. Med. – 2017. – Vol. 53. – No. 5. – P. 616–624.Feng X., Astell-Burt T. Residential green space quantity and quality and child well-being: a longitudinal study // Am. J. Prev. Med. – 2017. – Vol. 53. – No. 5. – P. 616–624.Fong K., Hart J. E., James P. Are view of epidemiologic studies on greenness and health: update literature through 2017 // Curr. Environ. Health Rep. – 2018. – Vol. 5. – No. 1. – P. 77-87.Fong K., Hart J. E., James P. Are view of epidemiologic studies on greenness and health: update literature through 2017 // Curr. Environ. Health Rep. – 2018. – Vol. 5. – No. 1. – P. 77-87.Franco L. S., Shanahan D. F., Fuller R. A. A review of the benefits of nature experiences: more than meets the eye // Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – 29 p.Franco L. S., Shanahan D. F., Fuller R. A. A review of the benefits of nature experiences: more than meets the eye // Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – 29 p.Frisenstam K. L., van den Bosch M., Chen P., et al. Self-reported psychosomatic complaints in Swedish children, adolescents and young adults living in rural and urban areas: An internet-based survey // JMIR Public Health Surveilance. – 2017. – Vol. 3. – No. 1. – e9.Frisenstam K. L., van den Bosch M., Chen P., et al. Self-reported psychosomatic complaints in Swedish children, adolescents and young adults living in rural and urban areas: An internet-based survey // JMIR Public Health Surveilance. – 2017. – Vol. 3. – No. 1. – e9.Frumkin H., Bratman G. N., Breslow S. J., et al. Nature contact and human health: a research agenda // Environ. Health Perspect. – 2017. – Vol. 125. – Art. 075001.Frumkin H., Bratman G. N., Breslow S. J., et al. Nature contact and human health: a research agenda // Environ. Health Perspect. – 2017. – Vol. 125. – Art. 075001.Gascon M., Zijlema W., Vert W., et al. Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: a systematic review of quantitative studies // Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. – 2017. – Vol. 220. – No. 8. – P. 1207–1221.Gascon M., Zijlema W., Vert W., et al. Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: a systematic review of quantitative studies // Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. – 2017. – Vol. 220. – No. 8. – P. 1207–1221.Grahn P., Palsdottir A. M., Ottoson J., Jonsdottir I. H. Longer nature-based rehabilitation may contribute to a faster return to work in patients with reactions to severe stress and/ or depression // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – No. 11. – pii: E1310.Grahn P., Palsdottir A. M., Ottoson J., Jonsdottir I. H. Longer nature-based rehabilitation may contribute to a faster return to work in patients with reactions to severe stress and/ or depression // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – No. 11. – pii: E1310.Grellier J., White M. P., Albin M., et al. BlueHealth: a study programme protocol for mapping and quantifying the potential benefits to public health and well-being from Europe’s blue spaces // BMJ Open. – 2017. – Vol. 7. – No. 7. – e016188.Grellier J., White M. P., Albin M., et al. BlueHealth: a study programme protocol for mapping and quantifying the potential benefits to public health and well-being from Europe’s blue spaces // BMJ Open. – 2017. – Vol. 7. – No. 7. – e016188.Haeffner M., Jackson-Smith D., Buchert M., Risley J. Accessing blue spaces: Social and geographic factors structuring familiarity with, use of, and appreciation of urban waterways // Landscape and Urban Planning – 2017. – Vol. 167. – P. 136–146.Haeffner M., Jackson-Smith D., Buchert M., Risley J. Accessing blue spaces: Social and geographic factors structuring familiarity with, use of, and appreciation of urban waterways // Landscape and Urban Planning – 2017. – Vol. 167. – P. 136–146.Hofmann M., Young C., Binz T., et al. Contact to nature benefits health mixed effectiveness of different mechanisms // Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health. – 2018. – Vol. 15. – No. 1. – P. 31.Hofmann M., Young C., Binz T., et al. Contact to nature benefits health mixed effectiveness of different mechanisms // Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health. – 2018. – Vol. 15. – No. 1. – P. 31.Huang C., Yang Y., Lu H.et al. Green spaces as an indicator of urban health evaluating its changes in 28 megacities // Remote Sensing. – 2017. – Vol. 9. – Issue 12. – 43 p.Huang C., Yang Y., Lu H.et al. Green spaces as an indicator of urban health evaluating its changes in 28 megacities // Remote Sensing. – 2017. – Vol. 9. – Issue 12. – 43 p.Ikei H., Song C., Miyazaki Y. Physiological effects of touching wood // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – No. 7. – Art. 801.Ikei H., Song C., Miyazaki Y. Physiological effects of touching wood // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – No. 7. – Art. 801.Klompmaker O., Hoek G., Bloemsma L. D., et al. Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity // Environ. Res. – 2018. – Vol. 160. – P. 531–540.Klompmaker O., Hoek G., Bloemsma L. D., et al. Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity // Environ. Res. – 2018. – Vol. 160. – P. 531–540.Kondo M. C., Fluehr J. M., McKeon T., Branas C. С. Urban green space and its impact on human health // Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health. – 2018. – Vol. 15. – Art. 445. – 28 p.Kondo M. C., Fluehr J. M., McKeon T., Branas C. С. Urban green space and its impact on human health // Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health. – 2018. – Vol. 15. – Art. 445. – 28 p.Kondo M. C., South E. C., Branas C. С., et al. The association between urban tree cover and gun assault: a case-control and cross-crossover study // Am. J. Epidemiol. – 2017. – ol.186, – P. 289–296.Kondo M. C., South E. C., Branas C. С., et al. The association between urban tree cover and gun assault: a case-control and cross-crossover study // Am. J. Epidemiol. – 2017. – ol.186, – P. 289–296.La Rosa D., Takatori C., Shimizu H., Privitera R. A planning framework to evaluate demands and preferences by different social groups for accessibility to urban green spaces // Sustain. Cities Soc. – 2018. – Vol. 36. – P. 346-362.La Rosa D., Takatori C., Shimizu H., Privitera R. A planning framework to evaluate demands and preferences by different social groups for accessibility to urban green spaces // Sustain. Cities Soc. – 2018. – Vol. 36. – P. 346-362.Lanki T., Siponen T., Ojala A., et al. Acute effects of visit to urban green environments on cardiovascular physiology in women a field experiment // Environ. Res. – 2017. – Vol. 159. – P. 176–185.Lanki T., Siponen T., Ojala A., et al. Acute effects of visit to urban green environments on cardiovascular physiology in women a field experiment // Environ. Res. – 2017. – Vol. 159. – P. 176–185.Markevych I., Schoiererb J., Hartig T., et al. Exploring pathways linking green space to health: theoretical and methodological guidance // Environ. Res. – 2017. – Vol. 158. – P. 301–317.Markevych I., Schoiererb J., Hartig T., et al. Exploring pathways linking green space to health: theoretical and methodological guidance // Environ. Res. – 2017. – Vol. 158. – P. 301–317.McEachan R. R. C., Yang T. C., Roberts H., et al. Availability, use of, and satisfaction with green space, and children’s mental wellbeing at age 4 years in a multicultural, deprived, urban area: results from the Born in Bradford cohort study // Lancet Planet Health. – 2018. – Vol. 2. – No. 6. – e244-e254.McEachan R. R. C., Yang T. C., Roberts H., et al. Availability, use of, and satisfaction with green space, and children’s mental wellbeing at age 4 years in a multicultural, deprived, urban area: results from the Born in Bradford cohort study // Lancet Planet Health. – 2018. – Vol. 2. – No. 6. – e244-e254.Niewenhuijsen M. J., Khreis H., Triguero-Mas M., et al. Fifty shades of green: pathway to healthy urban living // Epidemiology. – 2017. – Vol. 28. – P. 63–71.Niewenhuijsen M. J., Khreis H., Triguero-Mas M., et al. Fifty shades of green: pathway to healthy urban living // Epidemiology. – 2017. – Vol. 28. – P. 63–71.Ochiai H., Song C., Ikei H., et al. Effects of visual stimulation with bonsai trees on adult male patients with spinal cord injury // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – No. 9. – Art. 1017.Ochiai H., Song C., Ikei H., et al. Effects of visual stimulation with bonsai trees on adult male patients with spinal cord injury // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – No. 9. – Art. 1017.Pearson A. L., Bottomley R., Chambers T., et al. Measuring blue space visibility and ‘blue recreation’ in the everyday leaves of children in capital city // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – Art. 563.Pearson A. L., Bottomley R., Chambers T., et al. Measuring blue space visibility and ‘blue recreation’ in the everyday leaves of children in capital city // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – Art. 563.Reid C. E., Clougherty J. E., Shmool J. L. C., Kubzansky L. D. Is all urban green space the same? A comparison of the health benefits of trees and grass in New York City // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – Art. 1411.Reid C. E., Clougherty J. E., Shmool J. L. C., Kubzansky L. D. Is all urban green space the same? A comparison of the health benefits of trees and grass in New York City // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – Art. 1411.Ruijsbroek A., Mohnen S. M., Droomers M., et al. Neighborhood green space, social environment and mental health: an examination in four European cities // Int. J. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 62. – P. 657–667.Ruijsbroek A., Mohnen S. M., Droomers M., et al. Neighborhood green space, social environment and mental health: an examination in four European cities // Int. J. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 62. – P. 657–667.Sarkar C. Residential greenness and adiposity: finding from the UK Biobank // Environt. Int. – 2017. – Vol. 106. – P. 1–10.Sarkar C. Residential greenness and adiposity: finding from the UK Biobank // Environt. Int. – 2017. – Vol. 106. – P. 1–10.Sarkar C., Websrer C., Gallacher J. Residential greenness and prevalence of major depressive disorders: a cross-sectional, observational, associational study of 94879 adult UUK Biobank participants // Lancet Planetary Health. – 2018. – Vol. 2. – Issue 4. – e162-e173.Sarkar C., Websrer C., Gallacher J. Residential greenness and prevalence of major depressive disorders: a cross-sectional, observational, associational study of 94879 adult UUK Biobank participants // Lancet Planetary Health. – 2018. – Vol. 2. – Issue 4. – e162-e173.Stigsdotter U. K., Corazon S. S., Sidenius U., et al. It is not all bad for grey city – A crossover study on physiological and psychological restoration in a forest and urban environment // Health & Place. – 2017. – Vol. 46. – P. 145–154.Stigsdotter U. K., Corazon S. S., Sidenius U., et al. It is not all bad for grey city – A crossover study on physiological and psychological restoration in a forest and urban environment // Health & Place. – 2017. – Vol. 46. – P. 145–154.Trivedi A., Walker K., Badawi N., Thomas G. Fifthy shades of green // J. Paediatrics and Child Health. – 2018. – Vol. 4. – No. 4. – P. 346-347.Trivedi A., Walker K., Badawi N., Thomas G. Fifthy shades of green // J. Paediatrics and Child Health. – 2018. – Vol. 4. – No. 4. – P. 346-347.Van den Bosch M., Bird W. (Eds). The role of nature in improving the health of a population. – Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health. – Oxford University Press. – Oxford, UK. – 2018. – 368 p.Van den Bosch M., Bird W. (Eds). The role of nature in improving the health of a population. – Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health. – Oxford University Press. – Oxford, UK. – 2018. – 368 p.WHO (World Health Organisation). Urban green spaces and health. A review of evidence and effectiveness: Full Report. – Eds. Egorov A. L., Mudu P., Braubach M., Martuzzi M. – Copenhagen, Denmark. – 2017. – 41 p.WHO (World Health Organisation). Urban green spaces and health. A review of evidence and effectiveness: Full Report. – Eds. Egorov A. L., Mudu P., Braubach M., Martuzzi M. – Copenhagen, Denmark. – 2017. – 41 p.Zhang Y., Murray A. T., Turner B. Optimizing green space locations to reduce daytime and night time urban heat island effects in Phoenix, Arizona // Landsc. Urban Plan. – 2017. – Vol. 165. – P. 162–171.Zhang Y., Murray A. T., Turner B. Optimizing green space locations to reduce daytime and night time urban heat island effects in Phoenix, Arizona // Landsc. Urban Plan. – 2017. – Vol. 165. – P. 162–171.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.