<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">milmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Военная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Military Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-5044</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">milmed-843</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE FROM PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эскалационная тактика в лечении упорно рецидивирующего кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Escalation tactics in the treatment of persistently recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Могилевец</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mahiliavets</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильчук</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilchuk</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Гродненский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Гродненская университетская клиника</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Могилевец Э.В., Васильчук Л.Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Могилевец Э.В., Васильчук Л.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mahiliavets E.V., Vasilchuk L.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://milmed.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/843">https://milmed.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/843</self-uri><abstract><p>Кровотечение из ВРВП является неотложной ситуацией, требующей экстренной терапии, целями которой являются достижение гемостаза, профилактики рецидива кровотечения и связанной с ним 6 недельной летальности.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ результатов эскалационной тактики применения методов гемостаза по поводу упорно рецидивирующего кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода у пациентки с циррозом печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Последовательное эскалационное проведение эндоскопического гемостаза, установка зонда обтуратора, трансъюгулярного портосистемного шунтирования, лапароскопической эзофагогастральной деваскуляризации с аппаратной транссекцией пищевода по поводу упорно рецидивирующего кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода выполнены в УЗ «Гродненская областная клиническая больница» в 2016 году пациентке 32 лет с циррозом печени смешанной этиологии (вирусной гепатит С плюс алкогольной этиологии), класс В по Child-Pugh.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Применение эскалационного алгоритма в лечении многократно рецидивирующего кровотечения из ВРВП способствовало достижению стойкого гемостаза и отсутствию рецидивов кровотечений из ВРВП в послеоперационном периоде. Последовательная установка зонда обтуратора, проведение эндоскопического гемостаза, трансъюгулярного портосистемного шунтирования, лапароскопической эзофагогастральной деваскуляризации с аппаратной транссекцией пищевода по поводу упорно рецидивирующего кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода является эффективным резервным алгоритмом в лечении и профилактике кровотечений из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода и желудка.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Hemorrhage from esophageal varices is an emergency requiring emergency therapy, the goals of which are to achieve hemostasis, prevent bleeding recurrence and the associated 6-week mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Analysis of the results of escalation tactics for the use of hemostasis methods for persistently recurring bleeding from esophageal varices in a patient with cirrhosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Sequential escalation of endoscopic hemostasis, insertion of an obturator probe, transjugular portosystemic shunting, laparoscopic esophagogastric devascularization with esophageal transection were performed in a 32-year-old patient with liver cirrhosis of mixed etiology (viral hepatitis C plus alcohol), Child-Pugh class B for persistent recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices in Grodno Regional Clinical Hospital in December 2016.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. The use of the escalation algorithm in the treatment of repeatedly recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices contributed to the achievement of persistent hemostasis and the absence of recurrence of bleeding from esophageal varices in the postoperative period. The step-by-step application of endoscopic hemostasis, an obturator probe, transjugular portosystemic shunting, laparoscopic esophagogastric devascularization with esophageal transection for persistently recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices is an effective backup algorithm in the treatment and prevention of bleeding of this etiology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>портальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>варикозно расширенные вены пищевода</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая эзофагогастральная деваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>азигопортальное разобщение</kwd><kwd>трансъюгулярное портосистемное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>эндоскопический гемостаз</kwd><kwd>зонд Сенгстакена-Блекмора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>portal hypertension</kwd><kwd>esophageal varices</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic esophagogastric devascularization</kwd><kwd>azigoportal disconnection</kwd><kwd>transjugular portosystemic shunting</kwd><kwd>endoscopic hemostasis</kwd><kwd>Sengstaken-Blackmore probe</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алгоритм лечебной тактики при портальной гипертензии, осложненной кровотечением из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода и желудка / П. Д. Фомин [и др.] // Здоров’я України. – 2015. – Тематичний номер. – С. 26–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алгоритм лечебной тактики при портальной гипертензии, осложненной кровотечением из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода и желудка / П. Д. Фомин [и др.] // Здоров’я України. – 2015. – Тематичний номер. – С. 26–29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Могилевец Э. В. Открытые операции азигопортального разобщения в лечении кровотечений из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода и желудка / Э. В. Могилевец, П. В. Гарелик, Н. И. Батвинков // Актуальные вопросы гепатологии. Материалы IХ международного симозиума гепатологов Беларуси. – Гродно: ГрГМУ, 2015. – С. 92–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Могилевец Э. В. Открытые операции азигопортального разобщения в лечении кровотечений из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода и желудка / Э. В. Могилевец, П. В. Гарелик, Н. И. Батвинков // Актуальные вопросы гепатологии. Материалы IХ международного симозиума гепатологов Беларуси. – Гродно: ГрГМУ, 2015. – С. 92–95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Могилевец, Э. В. Успешная лапароскопическая эзофагогастральная деваскуляризация с аппаратной транссекцией пищевода / Э. В. Могилевец // Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. – 2018. – № 1, Т. 16. – С. 101–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Могилевец, Э. В. Успешная лапароскопическая эзофагогастральная деваскуляризация с аппаратной транссекцией пищевода / Э. В. Могилевец // Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. – 2018. – № 1, Т. 16. – С. 101–105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эндоскопическое лигирование как метод лечения и профилактики кровотечений из варикозно-расширенных вен пищевода / С. А. Габриэль [и др.] // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н. И. Пирогова. – 2017 – № 2. – С. 59–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Эндоскопическое лигирование как метод лечения и профилактики кровотечений из варикозно-расширенных вен пищевода / С. А. Габриэль [и др.] // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н. И. Пирогова. – 2017 – № 2. – С. 59–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Khazraji, A. The current knowledge about the therapeutic use of endoscopic sclerotherapy and endoscopic tissue adhesives in variceal bleeding / A. Al-Khazraji, M. P. Curry – Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. – 2019. – Vol. 13, N 9. – P. 893–897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Khazraji, A. The current knowledge about the therapeutic use of endoscopic sclerotherapy and endoscopic tissue adhesives in variceal bleeding / A. Al-Khazraji, M. P. Curry – Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. – 2019. – Vol. 13, N 9. – P. 893–897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension-related bleeding and an indication for early-TIPS: a large multicenter audit with real-life results / D. Thabut [ et al.] // J Hepatol. – 2018. – Vol. 68. – P. 73–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension-related bleeding and an indication for early-TIPS: a large multicenter audit with real-life results / D. Thabut [ et al.] // J Hepatol. – 2018. – Vol. 68. – P. 73–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Franchis, R. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension / R. de Franchis; Baveno VI Faculty. // J Hepatol. – 2015. – Vol. 63, N 3. – P. 743–752.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Franchis, R. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension / R. de Franchis; Baveno VI Faculty. // J Hepatol. – 2015. – Vol. 63, N 3. – P. 743–752.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doppler endoscopic probe improves outcomes of severe UGI hemorrhage from varices and other portal hypertension lesions / D. M. Jensen [ et al.] // Gastroenterology. – 2018. – Vol. 154, Suppl. 1. – P. 5529–5530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doppler endoscopic probe improves outcomes of severe UGI hemorrhage from varices and other portal hypertension lesions / D. M. Jensen [ et al.] // Gastroenterology. – 2018. – Vol. 154, Suppl. 1. – P. 5529–5530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doppler endoscopic probe monitoring for blood flow improves risk stratification and outcomes of patients with severe non-variceal UGI hemorrhage. / D. M. Jensen [ et al.] // Gastroenterologyю – 2017. – Vol. 152. – P. 1310–1318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doppler endoscopic probe monitoring for blood flow improves risk stratification and outcomes of patients with severe non-variceal UGI hemorrhage. / D. M. Jensen [ et al.] // Gastroenterologyю – 2017. – Vol. 152. – P. 1310–1318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding / J. C. Garcia-Pagan [ et al.] // N Engl J Med. – 2010. – Vol. 362. – P. 2370–2379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding / J. C. Garcia-Pagan [ et al.] // N Engl J Med. – 2010. – Vol. 362. – P. 2370–2379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elective Splenectomy Combined with Modified Hassab’s or Sugiura Procedure for Portal Hypertension in Decompensated Cirrhosis / Ya-wu Zhang [et al.] // Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. – 2019. – Vol. 2019. – P. 1208614–1208621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elective Splenectomy Combined with Modified Hassab’s or Sugiura Procedure for Portal Hypertension in Decompensated Cirrhosis / Ya-wu Zhang [et al.] // Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. – 2019. – Vol. 2019. – P. 1208614–1208621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhotic patients: data from a national endoscopic database / M. Kovalak [et al.] // Gastrointest Endosc. – 2007. – Vol. 65. – P. 82–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhotic patients: data from a national endoscopic database / M. Kovalak [et al.] // Gastrointest Endosc. – 2007. – Vol. 65. – P. 82–88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esophageal balloon tamponade versus esophageal stent in controlling acute refractory variceal bleeding: a multicenter randomized, controlled trial / A. Escorsell [et al.] // Hepatology. – 2016. – Vol. 63. – P. 1957–1967.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esophageal balloon tamponade versus esophageal stent in controlling acute refractory variceal bleeding: a multicenter randomized, controlled trial / A. Escorsell [et al.] // Hepatology. – 2016. – Vol. 63. – P. 1957–1967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esophagogastric devascularization and transection for bleeding esophagealvarices: first case presentation / FJ Manzano-Trovamala [ et al.] // Surg Laparosc Endosc. – 1996. – Vol. 6, N 4. – P. 300–303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esophagogastric devascularization and transection for bleeding esophagealvarices: first case presentation / FJ Manzano-Trovamala [ et al.] // Surg Laparosc Endosc. – 1996. – Vol. 6, N 4. – P. 300–303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esophagogastric devascularization without splenectomy in portal hypertension: safe and effective? YB Ni [et al.] // Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. – 2015. – Vol. 14, N 3. – P. 276–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esophagogastric devascularization without splenectomy in portal hypertension: safe and effective? YB Ni [et al.] // Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. – 2015. – Vol. 14, N 3. – P. 276–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hand-assisted laparoscopic Hassab‘s procedure for esophagogastric varices with portal hypertension / T Kobayashi [et al.] // Surg Case Rep. – 2017. – Vol. 3, N 1. – P. 111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hand-assisted laparoscopic Hassab‘s procedure for esophagogastric varices with portal hypertension / T Kobayashi [et al.] // Surg Case Rep. – 2017. – Vol. 3, N 1. – P. 111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovacs, T. O. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage / T. O. Kovacs, D. M. Jensen // In: Goldman L, Schafer A, editors. Goldman-cecil medicine. 25th edition. – 2016, Elsevier Saunders. – P. 879–884.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovacs, T. O. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage / T. O. Kovacs, D. M. Jensen // In: Goldman L, Schafer A, editors. Goldman-cecil medicine. 25th edition. – 2016, Elsevier Saunders. – P. 879–884.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovacs, T. O. Varices: Esophageal, Gastric, and Rectal / T. O. Kovacs, D. M. Jensen // Clin Liver Dis. – 2019. – Vol. 23, N 4. – P. 625–642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovacs, T. O. Varices: Esophageal, Gastric, and Rectal / T. O. Kovacs, D. M. Jensen // Clin Liver Dis. – 2019. – Vol. 23, N 4. – P. 625–642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lack of difference among terlipressin, somatostatin and octreotide in the control of acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage / Y. S. Seo [ et al.] // Hepatology. – 2014. – Vol. 60. – P. 954–963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lack of difference among terlipressin, somatostatin and octreotide in the control of acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage / Y. S. Seo [ et al.] // Hepatology. – 2014. – Vol. 60. – P. 954–963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection with and without splenectomy for portal hypertension / D. S. Bai [et al.] // Int J Surg. – 2016. – Vol. 34. – P. 116–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection with and without splenectomy for portal hypertension / D. S. Bai [et al.] // Int J Surg. – 2016. – Vol. 34. – P. 116–121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long-term results with the modified sugiura procedure for the management of variceal bleeding: Standing the test of time in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices / D. Voros [et al.] // World Journal of Surgery. – 2012. – Vol. 36, N 3. – P. 659–666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long-term results with the modified sugiura procedure for the management of variceal bleeding: Standing the test of time in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices / D. Voros [et al.] // World Journal of Surgery. – 2012. – Vol. 36, N 3. – P. 659–666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Met-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds / M. Wells [et al.] // Aliment Pharmacol Ther. – 2012. – Vol. 35. – P. 11267–11278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Met-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds / M. Wells [et al.] // Aliment Pharmacol Ther. – 2012. – Vol. 35. – P. 11267–11278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modified hassab procedure in the management of bleeding esophageal varices a two-year experience / Y.-K. Wu [et al.] // Hepato-Gastroenterology. – 2002. – Vol. 49, N 43. – P. 205–207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modified hassab procedure in the management of bleeding esophageal varices a two-year experience / Y.-K. Wu [et al.] // Hepato-Gastroenterology. – 2002. – Vol. 49, N 43. – P. 205–207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nett, A. Endoscopic Management of Portal Hypertension-related Bleeding / A. Nett, K. F. Binmoeller // Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. – 2019. – Vol. 29, N 2. – P. 321–337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nett, A. Endoscopic Management of Portal Hypertension-related Bleeding / A. Nett, K. F. Binmoeller // Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. – 2019. – Vol. 29, N 2. – P. 321–337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver diseases / G. Garcia-Tsao [et al.] // Hepatology. – 2017. – Vol. 65. – P. 310–335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver diseases / G. Garcia-Tsao [et al.] // Hepatology. – 2017. – Vol. 65. – P. 310–335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Randomized trials of endoscopic therapy and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus portocaval shunt for emergency and elective treatment of bleeding gastric varices in cirrhosis / M. J. Oroff [ et al.] // Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 157. – P. 1028–1045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Randomized trials of endoscopic therapy and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus portocaval shunt for emergency and elective treatment of bleeding gastric varices in cirrhosis / M. J. Oroff [ et al.] // Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 157. – P. 1028–1045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The economic impact of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: cost-effectiveness implications of endoscopic therapy / I. A. M. Gralnek [et al.] // Hepatology. – 1999. – Vol. 29. – P. 44–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The economic impact of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: cost-effectiveness implications of endoscopic therapy / I. A. M. Gralnek [et al.] // Hepatology. – 1999. – Vol. 29. – P. 44–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The effectiveness of current acute variceal bleed treatments in unselected cirrhotic patients: refining shortterm prognosis and risk factors / L. Amitrano [et al.] // Am J Gastroenterol. – 2012. – Vol. 107. – P. 1872–1878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The effectiveness of current acute variceal bleed treatments in unselected cirrhotic patients: refining shortterm prognosis and risk factors / L. Amitrano [et al.] // Am J Gastroenterol. – 2012. – Vol. 107. – P. 1872–1878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transabdominal gastroesophageal devascularization with versus without esophageal stapler transection in the control of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients / W. E. Lotfy [et al.] // Egyptian Journal of Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 34, N 1. – P. 56–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transabdominal gastroesophageal devascularization with versus without esophageal stapler transection in the control of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients / W. E. Lotfy [et al.] // Egyptian Journal of Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 34, N 1. – P. 56–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding / C. Villanueva [et al.] // N Engl J Med. – 2013. – Vol. 368. – P. 11–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding / C. Villanueva [et al.] // N Engl J Med. – 2013. – Vol. 368. – P. 11–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, Q. A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of the Modified Sugiura Procedure and the Hassab Procedure for Treatment of Rebleeding after Endoscopic Variceal Ligation Due to Portal Hypertension / Q. Wang, X. Ding // The American Surgeon. – 2016. – Vol. 82, N 6. – P. 557–564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, Q. A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of the Modified Sugiura Procedure and the Hassab Procedure for Treatment of Rebleeding after Endoscopic Variceal Ligation Due to Portal Hypertension / Q. Wang, X. Ding // The American Surgeon. – 2016. – Vol. 82, N 6. – P. 557–564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
