Effects of nicotine-containing products on pulmonary function and biological lung age in youth
https://doi.org/10.51922/2074-5044.2026.2.24
Abstract
Objective: To analyze medical students’ attitudes toward nicotine-containing products (NCPs) and investigate their effects on pulmonary function and biological lung age in youth.
Materials and methods. A total of 176 medical students were surveyed to assess NCP usage patterns. Subsequently, 55 participants underwent pulmonary function testing (PFT) and biological lung age assessment using a portable spirometer (EasyOne, Switzerland). Lung ultrasonography (USG) was performed with a mid-range Vinno G65 ultrasound device. Data analysis was conducted using Statistica 10.
Results. Of the surveyed students, 56.8 % were found to use NCPs, primarily vaping (79 %) and conventional cigarettes (52 %). Smoking initiation was reported at 18–20 years, with curiosity identified as the main cause (51.4 %). Pulmonary function testing revealed an elevated FEV1/FVC ratio (>85 %) in vapers, indicating the development of restrictive impairments. Biological lung age, calculated based on FVC– and FVL -based tests, was found to exceed chronological age by 10–30 years in smokers, particularly those combining cigarettes, vapes, and other NCPs. Lung USG demonstrated the presence of ≥3 B-lines in 37 % of smoking students, confirming early interstitial lung damage.
Conclusions. Over half of the medical students were shown to use NCPs, predominantly vapes. NCP use, especially combined products, was associated with early pulmonary dysfunction and accelerated lung aging. Lung USG was proven effective for detecting interstitial changes in young NCP users at subclinical stages.
About the Authors
H. Yu. Krumkachova
Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
Yu. Yu. Pankratava
Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
A. D. Shalyapina
Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
D. D. Bordak
Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
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Review
For citations:
Krumkachova H.Yu., Pankratava Yu.Yu., Shalyapina A.D., Bordak D.D. Effects of nicotine-containing products on pulmonary function and biological lung age in youth. Military Medicine. 2026;(2):24-28. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51922/2074-5044.2026.2.24
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