CURRENT CONCEPTS ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR VISUAL OUTCOME IN THE PATIENTS WITH PENETRATING OCULAR INJURIES WITH A RETAINED INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODY

An analytical review of modern literature on the problem of penetrating ocular injuries with a retained intraocular foreign body is presented. The statistically significant relationship between the final low visual acuity and such key factors as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, hemophthalmus and relative afferent pupillary defect in most studies was established. The association between the functional outcome of a penetrating injury of the eyeball and such factors as the length and localization of the wound of the intraocular foreign body, its final localization, volume, mass and speed of entry into the eyeball was contradictory. This indicates the need for additional comprehensive studies, taking into account heterogeneity, pathogenetic mechanisms of traumatic damage to the eyeball. Timely determination of the probability of an unfavorable outcome will make it possible to identify a risk group and improve the tactics of personalized treatment of patients with penetrating wounds of the eyeball.