The aim of this study is to analyze the medical consequences 30 years after the Chernobyl accident. The object of the study was the Luninetsky district of the Brest region, contaminated with radionuclides, including I-131. Analysis of the radiation exposure due to radioiodine showed that about half of the inhabitants of this area received absorbed doses in the range of up to 0.1 Gy. At the same time, the highest doses were formed in children who at the time of the accident were under 10 years old. The greater radiation impact was exerted on the female part of the population. The relationship between the age at the time of the accident and the absorbed dose on the thyroid gland is characterized by a complex nature, characterized by a wide range of dose distribution in childhood than in adulthood. The increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in the Stolin district began in the early 90s, in men a little later and its dynamics has no gender characteristics. Analysis of the annual incidence of thyroid cancer revealed three peaks in 1996, 2005 and 2016. The analysis of morphological forms of cancer in patients in the sample of the oncological registry showed the dominance of three main forms of thyroid cancer: follicular of papillary cancer (8340/3), papillary adenocarcinoma (8260/3), and medullary carcinoma (8345/3. The strongest correlation was found between the absorbed dose and stage T1 thyroid cancer. These data are also confirmed by the ERR value equal to 3.7 (95 % CI: 1.24, 10.99), which can unequivocally testify in favor of the radiation nature of thyroid cancer in residents of the Luninetsky district of the Brest region.

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