Influence of constitutional factors (gender and body weight) on psychological risk factors of arterial hypertension

The study was conducted at the Rechitsa Central District Hospital in 2014–2016. Purpose of the study: to study the influence of constitutional factors (gender and body weight) on the strength of evoked emotional reactions in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in order to determine the most common signs of susceptibility to psychological risk factors. Objectives: 1. To assess the dependence of the strength of evoked emotional reactions and the clinical picture of hypertension on gender. 2. To assess the dependence of the strength of evoked emotional reactions and the clinical picture of hypertension on weight. 3. To compare the mechanisms of influence of emotions on clinical picture of hypertension. 4. To find psychological mechanisms of adaptation to the action of psychological factors.
Conclusions
1. Women are characterized by higher general emotionality and emotional reactions of the «Joy» modality. The greatest differences in emotionality are observed at the age of 48–66 years (menopause): stronger reactions of the «Fear» and «Joy» modalities. Clinical picture of hypertension is characterized by a labile-crisis course without significant differences in the frequency of complications.
2. Overweight patients (body mass index – BMI ≥ 30.0) are characterized by stronger emotional reactions of the «Joy» modality. The hypertension is characterized by a higher degree of blood pressure, risk, incidence of heart failure and diabetes mellitus.
3. Women are characterized by high activity of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) in response to emotional arousal. This activity is manifested in a higher frequency of increase in SBP ≥ 18 mm Hg during emotional arousal. Such a reaction was not detected in obese patients.
4. Women are characterized by tension in psychological defense mechanisms (PDM) «Reactive formation». In women in the age group of 48–66 years, the PDM «Repression» is more tense. The PDM-profile of obese patients was distinguished by low tension of the PDM «Projection» and «Substitution» and high tension of the PDM «Denial».

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