Research objective. Calculate the injury rates among conscripts during 2003–2019 years using an integral assessment to improve medical support and ensure the security of military service.

Materials and methods. We studied annual medical reports about health status and morbidity of conscripts in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (form №3/med) for 2003–2019.

Results. Average annual injury rate among conscripts in 2003–2019 was 20.64±2.03‰, proportion in the structure of primary morbidity for all chapters of ICD-10 was 1.3±0.1%, hospitalizations – 14.74±0.98‰ and 1.6±0.2%, days away from work – 325.2±17.3‰ and 3.9±0.3%, dismission rates – 0.56±0.05‰ and 3.5±0.3%, mortality – 25.20±4,42 per 100 000 conscripts and 75.1±5.7%, respectively. With different in significance coefficients of determination polynomial trends of the listed medical and statistical indicators demonstrate a data decrease. In the structure of the constructed integral assessment 83.8% accounted for the sum of the proportions of injuries of the shoulder girdle and upper limbs (group 8–10), pelvis and lower limbs (group 5–7), head injuries (group 1), injuries affecting several areas of the body (group 11), consequences of trauma, poisoning and other influences of external causes (group 22).

Conclusion. Analysis of the data on injuries of conscripts using an integral assessment will improve medical support in order to maintain health, conduct targeted and high-quality prevention of injuries while ensuring the safety of military service.

The article presents the results of observation of a group of servicemen (n = 25) in the process of undergoing compulsory military service, who were being treated in the hospital department of a medical company for respiratory diseases during the period of convalescence. To improve the differential diagnosis of hair loss in males aged 18 to 27 years, the relationship between colds and telogen hair loss was studied in this contingent (main group). A comparative analysis of the data obtained from the main group of servicemen undergoing treatment in a hospital department of a medical company with respiratory diseases and a control group of healthy servicemen of draft age (n = 25) showed that even with a mild course of the underlying disease, an accelerated transition of the anagen phase of hair growth can be observed. to telogen.

The article presents the results of the practical application of the rapid method of cytological assessment of the course of the wound process in case of gunshot injuries of the extremities. 10 wounds were subject to analysis. To establish the phase of the wound process and objectively assess changes in the cellular composition of the wound, the developed express method of cytological diagnostics was used. Express assessment of cytograms on days 1–3 after injury indicated a consistent course of the first phase of the wound process with a predominance of necrotic and degenerative types. The timeliness of the primary surgical treatment and the absence of infectious complications from the side of the wounds made it possible to close them by applying a delayed primary suture. All wounds, in accordance with the identified type of cytogram (inflammatory-regenerative and regenerative-inflammatory) were closed on the fifth or sixth day. It was found that the use of the developed technique is rational in 4–6 days after injury to determine the optimal timing of the possibility of wound closure with a primary delayed suture. The developed method of rapid assessment of the course of the wound process makes it possible to objectively assess the dynamics of wound healing and determine the optimal timing of its closure, which is of great practical importance.

Adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity is currently an important medical and social problem, characterized by frequent relapses, decreased ability to work and the quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the patterns of development of adhesive disease of the abdominal organs on the basis of autopsy protocols. As a result of the study, it was proved that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is significantly influenced by the age and time of seeking medical care from the moment of the onset of the disease. While the older the patient, the later he seeks medical help and the longer he is in hospital; surgical treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction in comparison with planned adhesiolysis is associated with an increase in the likelihood of complications, in particular: early adhesive obstruction by 88.9%, perforation of the hollow organ by 73.9%, peritonitis by 72.7%, which proves the presence of a syndrome of mutual burden, progression of multiple organ failure and the need for an integrated approach to patient treatment. In the pathological diagnosis of the abdominal adhesions, 29% of the deceased were noted, while 71% of the surgical procedures mentioned it, which indicates the prevalence of this disease.

The quality of life of patients undergoing surgery is a subjective measure of psychological and physical well-being. In order to assess the quality of life indicators, the results of a survey conducted using the Russified questionnaires SF-36 v.2 and AQLi were analyzed. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of the quality of life of patients before and after undergoing surgery. The application of the new AQLi scale will make it possible to objectify the indications for surgical intervention, namely, when the Summ value is less than 65 and the SBP is reliably confirmed by instrumental research methods, the performance of planned adhesiolysis is shown. The main indicators in the group of patients with acute adhesive intestinal obstruction, operated on by the laparoscopic approach, had higher values and came to normal earlier than those in the group with the laparotomic access, which indicates a better tolerance of laparoscopic surgical interventions in this pathology.

Chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities is currently one of the most common pathologies of the human vascular system and represents an important socio-economic problem for developed countries both due to its high prevalence and due to the cost of diagnosis and treatment. In the medical literature, the analysis of treated patients in a hospital is limited only to a certain contingent of patients in a given hospital or to the study of specific degrees of chronic venous insufficiency.

We did not find data on the hospitalized morbidity of varicose veins, which would indicate its structure, in the literature available to us.

We studied 10326 statistical maps and case histories of patients with varicose veins with venous insufficiency C2-C6 according to CEAP classification, treated from 2010 to 2019 in the city vascular center operating on the basis of the city clinical hospital of Minsk, all patients underwent various surgical procedures. interference. The structure of hospitalized morbidity, its growth over the years, the influence of the age of men and women on the development of chronic venous insufficiency are shown. The main reasons for the development of chronic venous insufficiency have been analyzed.

The analysis of the dynamics of purine metabolism over 4 years in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout with an assessment of the therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders is presented. It was found that patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia without prescription of uricostatics have more unfavorable tendencies than patients with gout and uricostatic therapy, even without reaching the target indicators of uricemia.

In the present part of the work the authors considered the approaches to the study of alcohol dependence problem in the spatial-temporal aspect. There were revealed the factors, which contribute to its formation: functional and structural inferiority of the temporary spiral, ritualization of alcohol intake, its specific socialization and also desocialization, various types of motivations, where ataractic is of priority, as well as mechanisms of development: copying, multiplication and dissociation of temporary spiral. It is shown that formation of alkagol dependence is due to the disruption of this spiral for the creation of the internal energy of the human organism, with a deficiency of which he is largely forced to resort to excessive alcohol consumption as its source. This model makes it possible to unwind mental and somatic disorders that are formed during alcohol dependence, in line with the energy concept.

The purpose of this study was to study the actual nutrition of conscripts undergoing training in training units. For its implementation, the average daily energy consumption of servicemen was determined and their physiological needs for nutrients and energy were calculated. The daily menu was used to determine the average daily set of food for military personnel, its nutritional composition and energy value. Their comparative analysis with the recommended norms has been carried out. As a result, discrepancies were established both in the quantity of consumed products and in their qualitative composition. As a result, it was concluded that it is advisable to correct the food set for servicemen undergoing training in training units.

The purpose of this work was to consider the individual results of the activities of the state sanitary supervision (hereinafter – the state sanitary supervision) in the field of communal hygiene and occupational hygiene for 1971–2018, its role in ensuring the health of the population of Belarus. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Belarus in 2000 and 2017 was carried out. The data of the statistical reporting of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter – the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus) for 1974–2017 were studied. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of the population of the republic has been carried out.

It has been established that the observance of sanitary legislation in the work of a sanitary doctor is the basis for the activity of a sanitary doctor at hygiene centers of any level. The scientific and legal approach in the presentation of requirements for the implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures allows avoiding legal liability, ensures the fulfillment of orders from higher management, requests of interested organizations and individuals. Working with complaintsfrom the population, especially doctors on communal hygiene, takes up a significant part of the working time of specialists of hygiene and epidemiology centers at the district level (hereinafter referred to as the CGE paradise), stimulates the raising of questions about the elimination of identified legal shortcomings. More widespread introduction of sanitary and epidemiological audit is needed. The necessity of analyzing the state of health of the population when carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic measures is substantiated, the difficulties of using such an assessment and the ways of its possible optimization are shown. The characteristic stages of the successful path to science of doctors of a sanitary-prophylactic profile have been formulated: study at a university (mastering a craft, profession); achieving excellence in the application of the acquired Significant results of progress in the field of hygiene of water supply, sanitation and labor hyena over the past 20–30 years are outlined. The necessity of analyzing the state of health of the population when carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic measures is substantiated, the difficulties of using such an assessment and the ways of its possible optimization are shown.

This article provides an overview of the literature regarding the history of reinfusion, describes in detail the techniques of reverse transfusion of spilled blood and shows its role and place in the ifusion therapy of critical conditions.

The lecture contains the background about the development of the human during embryonic and early postembryonic periods of ontogenesis. The main part of the lecture is concerned with the basic data about the sources of primordia’s forming of the skull: sclerotomes of the mesoderm’s somites and nerve crest cells that migrate into the regions of the skull primordia; about differentiation processes in skull: intramembranous ossification as the example of the parietal bone development, endochondral ossification as the example of basic and lateral parts of the occipital bone development and the main stages of both types of ossification and cells taking part in bone forming. The information about the rebuilding of the human skull during early postembryonic period and about humoral factors regulating resorption and forming bone tissue for maintain homeostasis of mineral substances in the organism is provided.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with COVID-19. The complex bidirectional cross impact of both diseases leads to the severity and an increased risk of mortality in patients with coronavirus infection. The clinical experience of specialists in many countries has led to the development of optimal algorithms for the management of diabetic patients in pandemic conditions.

Purpose: to determine the features of the symptomatology of coronavirus infection depending on gender and age criteria.

Material. The study involved 103 people who were inpatient treatment at the «4th city clinical hospital», Minsk. All patients were diagnosed with «Coronavirus infection» by the polymerase chain reaction method.

Results. General symptoms of COVID-19 were detected in all examined patients, otorhinolaryngological manifestations – in 77.7% of the respondents, impaired odor perception was detected in 46.6%, impaired taste perception – in 37.9%. Revealed a pattern in the manifestations of COVID-19 among men and women. General complaints were either more often reported by men, or the frequency of complaints did not depend on gender. Local manifestations of the disease (complaints about the state of the gastrointestinal tract, ENT organs, impaired perception of smell and taste) more often worried women. The age aspect also influenced the symptomatology of COVID-19 infection: from the stage of young age (18–44 years) to the stage of middle age (45–59 years) for most of the symptoms of the disease, an increase in the detection rate was revealed. From the stage of middle age (45–59 years) to the stage of advanced age (60–74 years), 14 symptoms of the disease showed a decrease in their detection frequency. From the stage of advanced age (60–74 years) to the stage of senile age (75–90 years), 10 symptoms of the disease showed an increase in their detection frequency, and 5 – a decrease. For such symptoms as impaired sense of smell, impaired taste, wet cough, the differences in the frequency of detection in age groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion. The symptomatology of COVID-19 differs significantly depending on the sex and age of the patients.

In 2020, the 4th edition of the guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was released, prepared by an international panel of experts under the auspices of the American Society of Enhanced Recovery and the Society of Ambulatory Anesthesia based on a comprehensive search and review of literature up to September 2019. This guide includes 7 blocks of advice for the prevention and treatment of PONV in children and adults. This document contains recommendations for identifying patients at high risk of PONV development, management of the underlying risks of PONV, the choice of preventive and pathogenetic treatment for PONV, as well as recommendations for the state implementation of the PONV protocol. In addition, the latest revision of the guidelines focuses on data on new drugs, discussions on the use of general multimodal prophylaxis and management of PONV as part of the fast track concept.

Nowadays an increasingly serious problem of obesity leads not only to early disability , but also to death. This article provides a literature review of the Bariatric Surgery for Metabolic Syndrome in Obesity. Some statistical data of the number of identified mental disorders of the City Center for Herniology and Bariatric Surgery patients are indicated in this article.

The aim of the research work is the discussion on the need for assessment by psychiatrists the mental status of such patients before performing these operations also the need for psychological support. The authors describe a clinical case of a patient with bulimia nervosa, demonstrating the exceptional role of the work of a psychiatrist during a preoperative examination. The importance of careful selection of patients for bariatric surgeries, taking into account their mental state, is emphasized.

Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis, as components of the osmotic demyelination syndrome, is a rare and dangerous form of an unexplained demyelinating process. The most common cause of this pathology is the rapid correction of serum sodium. This article presents an analysis of a clinical case of a 37-year-old patient with a history of alcohol dependence, which developed central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis against the background of alcohol withdrawal and rapid correction of chronic hypoosmolar hyponatremia associated with hypokalemia. The effectiveness of the use of immunosuppressive therapy for this demyelinating disease has also been demonstrated in practice. The article provides brief information on etiopathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of osmotic demyelination syndrome based on a literature review in the eLibrary system, PubMed, Google library.

The article presents the main historical milestones associated with the emergence, formation and functioning of institutions of civil and military health care in the Lida region of Belarus over the past 200 years. Including the formation 100 years ago of the Lida city hospital and 80 years ago of the military hospital No. 671 (Lida).

The article is devoted to the scientific activity of the epidemiologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, academician, Major General of the medical service Vitaly Dmitrievich Belyakov. The main stages of the scientific path of academician V. D. Belyakov are traced, his merits in the development of epidemiology and medicine in general are noted. V. D. Belyakov was a reformer and innovator in the field of epidemiological practice and education in the field of all preventive medicine. A significant achievement in the management of anti-epidemic activities was the concept of epidemiological surveillance developed by the academician. The article presents the role of Academician Vitaly Dmitrievich Belyakov in the development of epidemiological science as a diagnostic and preventive discipline. Possible ways of further development of V. D. Belyakov‘s ideas and their implementation in medical scientific, practical and pedagogical activities are considered.