The article includes the results of an observational study of the military-professional orientation and the tendency to deviant behavior of students before the start of training at the military department according to the training program for reserve medical service officers. As a result of the study, the level of military-professional orientation and indicators of the propensity to deviant behavior of students were established: addictive behavior, delinquent behavior and suicidal risk.

The article is devoted to the issues of civil and patriotic education of students and cadets of the leading medical university of the Republic of Belarus at the departments of military epidemiology and military hygiene, epidemiology. The issues of forming a socially active personality of a citizen and a patriot, raising the level of value ideas about the historical memory of the Belarusian people, forming moral orientations, motivation and readiness to fulfill the professional duty of a doctor are considered. The use of thematic visual materials in the form of a gallery of famous scientists, holding a thematic photo exhibition are effective methods of upbringing and educational work at the university.

Ageism is a type of age discrimination among the elderly population. The article presents the results of a study of the manifestations of ageism among 1st and 4th year students of the medical faculty of the Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University». It is shown that students recognize the problem of age discrimination among the elderly in society. The index of the urgency of the problem of ageism for medical students was 42.1. Among the fourth-year students, in comparison with the first-year students, there are fewer respondents who are optimistic about their own old age, but there are more of those who are able to actively avoid old age. The prevalence of gerontological stereotypes among medical students is high. Stereotypes change in the learning process of the respondents, but they do not disappear. The respondents believe that the most important reasons for the emergence of ageism are not only gerontological stereotypes, but also the unwillingness to communicate with the elderly because of their own fear of old age or the psychological difficulty of communicating with the elderly. Medical students treat the elderly well and characterize them with positive epithets. The tendency of students of a medical university to unintentional ageism was revealed.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease refers to widespread heterogeneous human diseases and has a tendency to increase morbidity. The article presents modern views on the classification, diagnostic criteria and approaches to the treatment of the disease from the standpoint of the Global Initiative on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease revision 2021. There was an insufficient level of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by general practitioners and therapists. The role of combined bronchodilatory therapy, a place in the treatment of inhaled glucocorticosteroids is noted.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main causes that led to the development of complications and fatalities in patients with stab-cut neck wounds. It has been established that in order to reduce the number of complications and deaths in stab wounds to the neck, the wounded should be delivered to a medical institution as quickly as possible for surgical treatment. It is necessary to competently and fully perform medical care at the pre-hospital stage for stab wounds. To reduce complications and fatalities when a wounded person enters in a serious or extremely serious condition, it is necessary to use Damage Control tactics more widely.

Information about the health status of newborns from mothers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is few and contradictory, and there is practically no information on hemocoagulation disorders in such children in the available literature. Meanwhile, hemostasis disorders are one of the most urgent problems in neonatology. The importance of the stated topic is due to the potential risk of developing life-threatening conditions due to possible violations of the functions of vital organs, severe hypoxia resulting from massive blood loss. The aim of our study was to study the features of hemocoagulation disorders in newborns from mothers with coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Confirmation of COVID-19 infection was a positive PCR test – detection of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA detected in women during pregnancy (in the second trimester or immediately before childbirth). Clinical, laboratory, and biochemical research methods were used in the examination of children. It was revealed that a transmitted coronavirus infection in the second half of pregnancy and before childbirth, indirectly affecting the fetus through the uteroplacental blood flow, exacerbates microcirculatory disorders, which leads to more pronounced hemorrhagic disorders in the newborn

The aim of this study was to study the effect of gender, age and social status on the severity of comorbidity and survival of outpatients. A retrospective analysis of 133 outpatient records of patients of one of the outpatient clinics in Minsk was carried out by the method of continuous random sampling, incl. 50 men (38%) and 83 women (62%). Comorbidity was studied using the following methods: CIRS system; Kaplan – Feinstein index, Charlson index. The study revealed comorbidity in 78.6% of outpatients with chronic diseases, and on average it corresponded to a mild degree (according to three methods). Among comorbid diseases, the most common combination of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension with osteoarthritis, discirculatory encephalopathy, and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Comorbidity was more common in female patients, elderly and senile patients, workers, pensioners and disabled people. A poor prognosis was established in 42.8% of comorbid patients (according to the Charlson index), with a ten-year survival rate of less than 21% in 35.1% of patients. Among those with a survival rate of less than 21%, elderly patients and people with disabilities predominate, while young people and employees have a survival rate of more than 99%.

The authors carried out prospective clinical and laboratory observation for non-Hodgkin‘s lymphomas (NHL) patients who has been diagnosed sublinical infection caused with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and who had been undergone antitumour chemotherapy (CHT).
Analysis of results obtained permit to determine the clinical significance of this infection at NHL patients. In was demonstrated that above mentioned infection can enhance side toxic action of CHT and negatively influence to immediate and distant results of these patients CHT. For reducing these effects of infection authors recommended to treat all NHL patients with modern antiviral drugs.

Progressive course of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) leads to intermittent claudication, critical ischemia and gangrene for which amputations are performed. Revascularizing surgeries help avoid limb loss, but the results are not satisfactory. Amino acids have different effects on the development and course of atherosclerosis, so some of them can be considered as predictors of postoperative complications in patients with LEAD.

Objective: to analyze the effect of revascularization surgeries on amino acid pool indexes among patients with LEAD and to determine their correlation with the rate of postoperative complications.

Materials and methods: 133 patients with LEAD were examined. The age of the examined patients was 63 [57; 68] years. All the patients suffered from chronic arterial insufficiency. The levels of amino acids and their derivatives were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results and discussion: After revascularization there were statistically significant changes in the values of the following amino acids: Hsu, gGluCys, Asn, Gln, His, 1MHis, HpTau, Tau, Tyr, aABA, Val, Met, Trp, Ile, Leu, Lys, Pro. The patient follow-up period was 20 [12; 26] months. During this observation period, 31 complications were revealed. We identified the most significant amino acids influencing the development of postoperative complications: Hcy, CysGly, PSer, 3MHis, 1MHis and HPro. Hcy, CysGly, and 1MHis appeared to be the most powerful predictors. Using these predictors, a prognostic model was developed with a sensitivity of 74.19%, specificity of 74.51%, and accuracy of 74.44%.

Conclusions: Successfully performed revascularization, by eliminating ischemia, is able to affect amino acid pool values. Hsu, CysGly and 1MHis are the most reliable predictors of postvascularization complications among the patients with LEAD.

The article presents data on the structure, frequency of occurrence of some rare forms of supraventricular tachycardia in childhood, highlighting the clinical and electrophysiological variant of rhythm disturbance to determine the nature of further treatment and follow-up. Of the 1124 children who applied for tachycardia, 194 children were selected, who underwent an in-depth study of the properties of the conduction system of the heart by performing a transesophageal electrophysiological study. The structure of supraventricular tachycardia was established with the following: atrioventricular reciprocal tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal reciprocal tachycardia, focal atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation/flutter. The relatively rare detection of concomitant pathology in children with SVT (11.8%) emphasizes the need for a detailed collection of cardiac history, clinical and laboratory examination at the previous stages of medical care.

At present interaction peculiarities of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and respiratory system in patients with spondyloarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis are subject to thorough investigation and reassessment.

Objective. To assess the impact of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (methotrexate) on the respiratory system in patients with spondyloarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis.

Material and methods. The research involved 172 patients with spondyloarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were interviewed and examined. The multispiral computer tomography of thorax was performed in order to determine the volume and nature of lung affection. Lung function was tested by means of spirometry and body plethysmography. In order to process the data Statistica 10 software package was used.

Results. Lung disorders were found in 77,1% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were taking methotrexate while the percentage of patients with lung affection who were not taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs reached 100%. The patients with spondyloarthritеs or rheumatoid arthritis who were taking methotrexate showed significantly higher parameters of vital capacity and forced vital capacity than the patients with spondyloarthritеs or rheumatoid arthritis who were not taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

Conclusion. Lung disorders were found more rarely in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were taking methotrexate as compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were not taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Taking into account the assessment of the lung function, we can talk of absence of the negative impact of methotrexate on the respiratory system in patients with spondyloarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis.

The authors have shown that the basis of the pathogenesis of an alcohol dependence is the progressive deepening of the dissociation of the temporary spiral, considered as the engine of the entire spatial-temporal model of man, with an increasing substitution of its energetic work by introducing an energy substance to the human body, which is alcohol. This sequential process is developing in accordance with the laws of the formation of functional and structural disorders of the temporary spiral, respectively the stages of the disorder formation. The markers of degree and nature of dissociation in alcohol-dependent people are amnesia for events associated with an alcoholic excess, the severity of impaired consciousness, gravity of somatic disorders with appropriate clinical manifestations.

A retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of closing the postoperative wound surface on the hard palate, used in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of «11th City Clinical Hospital» in Minsk from 2010 to 2020, is presented. The conducted studies made it possible to analyze the effectiveness of the use of various methods and determine the indications for choosing a specific method for closing defects in the mucous membrane of the hard palate.

This article addresses whole blood transfusions. It has been shown that whole blood transfusion to wounded and injured is a quick and reliable way to correct massive blood loss in severe injuries.

In response to the global trend of increase the namber of female military personnel in the Armed Forces, more and more studies are being devoted to the protection of women against unwanted pregnancies, menstrual cycle control or it’s suppression, prevention and treatment of gynecological and extragenital pathologies with using hormonal contraception. Hormonal contraception will not only improve the life quality of female military personnel, but also optimize military service in extreme conditions.

A case of viral meningitis that developed in a patient with Covid-19 is considered. Clinical manifestations of this pathology initially had an atypical character: at the onset of the disease, there was no headache and meningeal symptoms. As a result of additional studies, a thorough analysis of the obtained clinical and laboratory data, the patient was diagnosed with viral meningitis associated with coronavirus infection.
Past viral meningitis is a rare complication of covid infection. In this case, the disease proceeded with an erased clinical picture and under the guise of cerebral infarction in the left carotid pool. Timely suspicion of this diagnosis and its objectification based on the results of cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging, as well as the adopted treatment strategy, made it possible to stop the development of the disease at the initial stage and further achieve its complete regression.