Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis, as components of the osmotic demyelination syndrome, is a rare and dangerous form of an unexplained demyelinating process. The most common cause of this pathology is the rapid correction of serum sodium. This article presents an analysis of a clinical case of a 37-year-old patient with a history of alcohol dependence, which developed central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis against the background of alcohol withdrawal and rapid correction of chronic hypoosmolar hyponatremia associated with hypokalemia. The effectiveness of the use of immunosuppressive therapy for this demyelinating disease has also been demonstrated in practice. The article provides brief information on etiopathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of osmotic demyelination syndrome based on a literature review in the eLibrary system, PubMed, Google library.

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