MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND ASSISTANCE IN ACUTE RADIATION INJURIES IN REGIONAL MILITARY CONFLICTS

The special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has led to an increased possibility of using nuclear weapons. The use of nuclear weapons during the bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 led to severe injuries and death of thousands of people, burns, mechanical trauma. Ionizing radiation lesions were new and specific, causing significant difficulties in the diagnosis and management of this pathology. Since then, there have been a number of accidents at nuclear power plants, the largest of which were the accidents at the Chernobyl and the Fukushima. During this time, the concepts of acute and chronic radiation syndromes were introduced into medical practice, and methods for treating these diseases were developed. Today, in connection with the threat of the use of a "dirty bomb" in Ukraine, as well as with the increasing likelihood of using tactical nuclear weapons, there was a need to form certain skills and concepts of actions in case of injuries from ionizing radiation among doctors and paramedical personnel.

1. Röntgen W. C. On a new kind of rays // Science. – 1896. – T. 3. – № 59. – S. 227–231.

2. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation et al. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, united nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) 2008 report, volume I: Report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes A and B-sources. – United Nations, 2010.

3. Yasumura S., Abe M. Fukushima health management survey and related issues // Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. – 2017. – T. 29. – № 2_suppl. – S. 29S–35S.

4. Voronov S. I., Sednev V. A. Avariya na Chernobyl‘skoj AES. Posledstviya i vyvody // Nauchnye i obrazovatel‘nye problemy grazhdanskoj zashchity. – 2016. – №. 1 (28). – S. 11–18.

5. Yearbook S. Hans M. Kristensen, Matt Korda // Annual Report: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. – 2021. – S. 2021-06.

6. Woolf A. F. Non-strategic nuclear weapons. – DIANE Publishing, 2010.

7. Royal Society Working Group on the Health Hazards of Depleted Uranium Munitions et al. The health effects of depleted uranium munitions: a summary // Journal of Radiological Protection. – 2002. – T. 22. – № 2. – S. 131.

8. Grebenyuk A. N., Sidorov D. A. Medicinskie i social‘no-psihologicheskie aspekty radiologicheskogo terrorizma // Mediko-biologicheskie i social‘no-psihologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychajnyh situaciyah. – 2012. – № 3. – S. 11–18.

9. Stozharov A. N. i dr. Radiacionnaya medicina. – 2007.

10. Alper T., Howard-Flanders P. Role of Oxygen in Modifying the Radiosensitivity of E. Coli B. // Nature. – 1956. – Vol. 178. – P. 978–979.

11. Baranova A. A. Radiacionnaya biofizika: laboratornyj praktikum. – 2018.

12. Bergonie J. and Tribondeau L. (1906). De quelques resultats de la radiotherapie et essai de fixation d’une technique rationnelle. Comptes Rendus des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences. 143, 983–985.

13. Voenno-polevaya terapiya. Izd. vtoroe pod red. professora Bova A. A. – Mn., 2017. – S. 469.

14. Sotnik N. V., Rybkina V. L., Azizova T. V. Novye podhody v biologicheskoj dozimetrii: sozdanie kompleksnyh biodozimetricheskih sistem (obzor zarubezhnoj literatury) // Mediko-biologicheskie i social‘no-psihologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychajnyh situaciyah. – 2019. – № 4. – S. 90–96.

15. Manual A. Cytogenetic analysis for radiation dose assessment //Technical Report Series-International Atomic Energy Agency. – 2001.

16. Bebeshko V. G., Bazyka D. A., Loganovskij K. N. Biologicheskie markery ioniziruyushchih izluchenij // Ukrainskij medicinskij zhurnal. – 2004. – № 1. – S. 85–104.

17. Prikaz Minzdrava RF ot 24.01.2000 N 20 «O vvedenii v dejstvie Rukovodstva po organizacii sanitarno-gigienicheskih i lechebno-profilakticheskih meropriyatij pri krupnomasshtabnyh radiacionnyh avariyah»

18. Baranov A. E., Rozhdestvenskij L. M. Analiticheskij obzor skhem lecheniya ostroj luchevoj bolezni, ispol‘zuemyh v eksperimente i klinike // Radiacionnaya biologiya. Radioekologiya. – 2008. – T. 48. – № 3. – S. 287–302.

19. T. M. Fliedner et al., Medical Management of Radiation Accidents – Manual of the acute radiation syndrome, published by BIR, 2001.N.C.

20. Dainiak N. et al. The hematologist and radiation casualties // ASH Education Program Book. – 2003. – T. 2003. – № 1. – S. 473–496.

21. Zhu H., Lai F. Y., Sun L. Therapeutic effect of the recombinant human granulocyto colony-stiimulating factor on radiation-induced agranulocytosis models of mice // Hunan yi ke da xue xue bao= Hunan Yike Daxue Xuebao= Bulletin of Hunan Medical University. – 2002. – T. 27. – № 6. – S. 509–511.

22. Hendee W. R. History, current status, and trends of radiation protection standards // Medical physics. – 1993. – T. 20. – № 5. – S. 1303–1314.

23. Gorin et al. Consensus conference on European preparedness for haematological and other medical management of mass radiation accidents, Ann Hematol, 85 : 671–679, 2006.

24. Baranov A. E., Gejl R. P., Gus‘kova A. K. i dr. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya. 1989. № 3. S. 316.

25. Rozhdestvensky L., Sernichenko A. Experimental approach to improving early postirradiation restoration in the hemopoietic system of irradiated canines // Journal of radiation research. – 2004. – T. 45. – № 1. – S. 45–51.