Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is the hemolytic anemia of non-immune origin associated with mechanical damage of the erythrocyte membrane. Their causes can be: diseases of the kidneys, cardiovascular system, liver, certain infections, the taking of some medicines. They can also occur after transplantation of organs and tissues, severe burns, with malignant tumors, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, giant hemangioma, and others. These anemia are often accompanied by impaired renal function, up to acute renal failure, dysfunction of other organs and systems, including the Central nervous system due to damage of the microvessels. In the peripheral blood smears revealed a «fragmented» red blood cells (helmets cells, Schistocytes) and thrombocytopenia. Free plasma hemoglobin and indirect bilirubin levels rise, haptoglobin decreases, in the urine – hemoglobin, hemosiderin. Anemia have hyperregenerative character, with reticulocytosis. Treatment should be aimed at cupping the primary pathological process.
The review presents the most frequent microangiopathic anemia – haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), or Gasser‘s disease, and Moskowitz disease, or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Presented their epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.