In food allergy (FA), dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to the formation and progression of malabsorption syndrome, which leads to large losses of protein and triggers the formation of an immunodeficiency state (IDS), a violation of digestion processes causes absorption of uncleaned macromolecules in the gastrointestinal tract with the properties of allergens (AG), which exacerbates the processes of sensitization. Under the influence of the main immunogenetic factors in the lamina propria of the small intestinal mucosa, B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells is disturbed. When the intestinal biocenosis is disturbed, persistence factors are induced, including increased virulence, hemolytic enzyme activity, hyaluronidase production, and the ability to destroy lysozyme. Bacterial colonization of the small intestine causes deconjugation of bile acids, which leads to their deficiency in the small intestine. In turn, deconjugated bile acids have a toxic effect on the mucous membrane of the small intestine, inhibits its absorption properties, which negatively affects protein metabolism and can provoke the appearance of immune deficiency.
A retrospective cohort study of immunological parameters of 58 patients with FA and 47 patients of the comparison group without increased sensitivity to food was conducted. Patients with FA showed a statistically significant decrease in Ig M, A, and G (p < 0,05), which indicates the development in them of a combination of damage in the form of a combined immunodeficiency state with secondary immune deficiency as panhypoimmunoglobulinemia. When analyzing the state of immunity in patients with FA in different age groups, there were no statistically significant differences between the immune system parameters.

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