In the article there are the results of the examination of 54 patients (median age 61 years [49 years; 76 years]) with mycobacteriosis of the lungs. The diagnosis of mycobacteriosis was established according to the results of bacteriological examination of biopsy specimens. There were chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases in the case histories of 22.2% of patients. M. avium complex (MAC) were detected in 39 cases (72.2%) (95% CI 60.3–84.2), all the other types of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) were 22.2% in total – they were detected in 12 patients (95% CI 11.1–33.3), mixed isolates were in 3 patients (5.5%) (95% CI –0.5–11.7). The clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of treatment were low enough (65.1%), especially in elderly patients with M. avium complex.

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