The number of orthopedic operations using bone cement is growing every year around the world, and therefore the number of patients with bone cement implantation syndrome will inevitably increase. Awareness of risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this pathology, both on the part of the orthopedic traumatologist and the anesthetic and operating teams, will help to optimize the results of treatment of patients requiring orthopedic operations. The problem of bone cement implantation syndrome remains poorly understood. Based on a review of a number of scientific publications in the Pubmed, eLibrary system (up to June 2020), the article discusses the etiology, pathogenesis and principles of providing emergency medical care for this complication of a number of orthopedic surgical interventions.

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