Aim. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility of using modified immobilizing offloading bandages of the Total Contact Cast (TCC) type in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.

Materials and Methods. A total of 119 patients with neuropathic foot ulcers were analyzed. The study was conducted in two stages: a retrospective analysis of 34 patients treated with standard TCC, and a prospective study of 85 patients treated with a modified TCC design. The modification consisted of a rigid support inserted between layers of synthetic plaster, improving stability, durability, and walking comfort. All casts were removable, allowing patients to perform wound dressing independently. Effectiveness was assessed by ulcer healing and duration of cast use. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and Z-test for proportions.

Results. Positive outcomes were achieved in 72.9 % of patients in the modified TCC group compared to 47.1 % in the standard TCC group (OR = 3.033; 95 % CI: 1.327–6.928; p = 0.0103). The absolute difference in healing rates was +25.8 %, confirmed by Z-test (p = 0.014). Economic evaluation demonstrated reduced material costs and shorter periods of disability in the modified TCC group.

Conclusion. Modified removable TCC provides significantly higher healing rates of neuropathic foot ulcers compared to standard TCC, while improving patient comfort and reducing complications. The method is clinically effective and economically feasible for outpatient practice. Further multicenter studies are recommended to assess long-term outcomes and patient quality of life.

The article presents a retrospective analysis of 2514 cases of inpatient treatment of hernias depending on the type, age of the patient and method of surgical correction (laparoendoscopic plasty, use of polypropylene mesh, tension plasty). Minimally invasive techniques were found to provide a lower complication rate, faster recovery and shorter hospitalisation despite the longer duration of surgery. The age of patients and the method of plasty have a significant impact on the outcome of treatment. A personalised approach allows optimising the choice of surgical tactics, reducing risks and improving quality of life.

The work is based on the study of the immunograms of 56 patients with a vertebral infection (non-specific spinal osteomyelitis – M46.3, spinal epidural abscess G06.1) and 30 practically healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the presence of paravertebral septic complications. It was found that there is a correlation of different strength between the level of immune complexes and biochemical markers of inflammation. According to different indicators, the degree of deficiency or excess of cellular and humoral immunity factors was calculated, a rating algorithm was compiled by the diagnostic significance factor and the status of the immune system in complicated and uncomplicated forms of infection was determined, that will further help in the development of appropriate immunomodulatory therapy.

Objective: To analyze medical students’ attitudes toward nicotine-containing products (NCPs) and investigate their effects on pulmonary function and biological lung age in youth.

Materials and methods. A total of 176 medical students were surveyed to assess NCP usage patterns. Subsequently, 55 participants underwent pulmonary function testing (PFT) and biological lung age assessment using a portable spirometer (EasyOne, Switzerland). Lung ultrasonography (USG) was performed with a mid-range Vinno G65 ultrasound device. Data analysis was conducted using Statistica 10.

Results. Of the surveyed students, 56.8 % were found to use NCPs, primarily vaping (79 %) and conventional cigarettes (52 %). Smoking initiation was reported at 18–20 years, with curiosity identified as the main cause (51.4 %). Pulmonary function testing revealed an elevated FEV1/FVC ratio (>85 %) in vapers, indicating the development of restrictive impairments. Biological lung age, calculated based on FVC– and FVL -based tests, was found to exceed chronological age by 10–30 years in smokers, particularly those combining cigarettes, vapes, and other NCPs. Lung USG demonstrated the presence of ≥3 B-lines in 37 % of smoking students, confirming early interstitial lung damage.

Conclusions. Over half of the medical students were shown to use NCPs, predominantly vapes. NCP use, especially combined products, was associated with early pulmonary dysfunction and accelerated lung aging. Lung USG was proven effective for detecting interstitial changes in young NCP users at subclinical stages.

Objective: to compare the efficacy of combined argon therapy in the complex treatment of young patients with arterial hypertension (AH). 80 men with the main diagnosis of stage I hypertension (without complications) were examined; 1st (46 people) or 2nd (34 people) degrees of severity. All patients underwent standard diagnostic procedures for hypertension, and symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy were prescribed. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (30 patients) was additionally treated with oxygen therapy and standard hypoxic therapy in the normobaric variant and intermittent regimen. Patients of the 2nd group (30 patients) were sequentially prescribed courses of argon hyperoxygen and argon hypoxic therapy. In group 3, only conventional hypertension therapy was performed. As one of the criteria for the comparative effectiveness of the therapy, patterns of daily blood pressure (BP) profiles were used. The therapy led to the optimization of BP regulation in patients of all comparison groups, and to the greatest extent in group 2. This consisted in the largest number of patients with a profile («dipper») in this group already at the end of treatment. Long-term observations (6 months after the end of treatment) recorded further optimization of the BP-daily profile in patients of group 2 with reverse trends in other groups. Thus, the use of combined argon therapy courses in the system of therapeutic measures in patients with hypertension leads to an increase in the success of treatment, consolidation and prolongation of its effects.

Studies of molecular mechanisms of thyroid diseases contribute to the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers of its various disorders. MicroRNA (miRNA) – endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and are considered as biomarkers of benign and malignant conditions. Currently, aberrations of the microRNA expression in the settings of subclinical autoimmune and hyperplastic processes remain largely unexplored. The latter is necessary for studying the molecular mechanisms of benign thyroid conditions, as well as for developing criteria for selection of reference thyroid tissue samples for subsequent studies.

Aim: To determine the expression pattern of selected microRNAs in a follicular nodular disease, autoimmune thyroiditis and combination of a follicular nodular disease with focal chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, as well as in the presence of latent focal chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and diffuse hyperplastic changes.

Materials and methods: The expression of 18 microRNAs in 72 samples of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded thyroid tissue was studied using quantitative PCR. Normalizing microRNAs were selected using the NormiRazor web application. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare normalized values of microRNA expression levels (ΔCt).

Results: Minimal morphological alterations in the thyroid tissue were accompanied by abnormal expression of most of the studied microRNAs, depending on the nature of the pathological process. In combined lesions of the thyroid tissue, the presence of autoimmune inflammation influenced microRNAs expression in the greatest extent.

Conclusion: The present findings identify the necessity for developing stringent criteria for selecting reference samples of thyroid tissue for molecular studies, and may aid in subsequent studies aimed at developing approaches to the analysis of microRNA expression in various pathological conditions.

Dyspepsia worsens the quality of life of patients and can progress to the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting the recurrence of dyspepsia in conscripts after the first episode of dyspepsia without erosive and ulcerative lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The model was developed using the database of our own prospective study on the program of dynamic observation during military service (n = 136) by multiple linear regression based on probable risk factors. Based on the assessment of potential risk factors, a mathematical model of the likelihood of recurrence after the first episode of dyspepsia in patients without erosive and ulcerative lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract (regression equation) has been developed: y = 1 / (1 + e ^{– (k + 0,1202×X1 + 0,1759×X2 + 0,1465×X3 + 0,1318×X4)}). There are 4 risk factors for recurrence of dyspepsia in conscripts without erosive and ulcerative lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract: the first episode of dyspepsia in the first 3 months of military service, smoking, active inflammation of the gastric mucosa, H. pylori infection, on the basis of which a mathematical model of the likelihood of recurrence has been developed.

The dynamics of cellular predictors of non-musculogenesis (α-SMA smooth muscle actin, DM 31–positive capillaries, VEGFR-1 expression) after local administration of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSCS) in experimental critical lower limb ischemia (KINK) was studied.

Experimental studies were conducted on 55 rats in which clinical ischemia of the lower extremities (KINK) was simulated, divided into 5 groups: group 1 (n = 6) – intact animals; group 2 (n = 13) – animals with unilateral KINK; group 3 (n = 12) – animals with KINK treatment pentoxifylline; group 4 (n = 12) – animals treated with alprostadil; group 5 (n = 12) animals treated with KINK MSC VT. On the 14th; 28th; On the 60th day of the experiment, biological material was collected with morphological, immunohistochemical and morphometric assessment of the neovasculogenesis of the tissues of the affected limb. There was a significant increase in the expression of α-SMA, DM31-positive neocapillaries in skeletal muscles and VEGFR-1 in endotheliocytes after the use of MSC and on the 28th–60th day of KINK treatment compared with pentoxifylline and alprostadil. The possibility of assessing neovasculogenesis by means of established morphometric and immunohistochemical parameters under KINK conditions has been confirmed.

This article contains the main provisions and the drawing of an instrument used to manufacture plugs for windows of the BLKS-303MK hyperbaric chamber.

Postpartum subinvolution of the uterus is one of the causes of hypotonic uterine bleeding and the development of purulent-septic complications.

The aim of the study was to develop a method for the preventive treatment of hemorrhagic complications in women in labor using electromagnetic stimulation.

Materials and Methods. The control group included 20 healthy women in labor, with an average age of 25.1 ± 1.7. Women in the study group received a course of Seta-TM in a stimulating mode from the first day after childbirth for 3–5 days of inpatient treatment daily. Women in the comparison group received only oxytocin during labor at a dose of 1 ml (5 IU) according to the clinical protocol. The effectiveness of preventive treatment was assessed based on an analysis of the women’s general condition, bimanual examination, daily assessment of uterine height and lochia quality, peripheral blood counts on the second day after delivery, and ultrasound biometry of the pelvic organs on the third and fourth days. Patients were monitored for 42 days postpartum.

Results. The study revealed that combination therapy using Seta-TM in a stimulating mode, aimed at increasing myometrial contractility, resulted in a significant reduction in uterine cavity size on the third and fourth days after delivery. The incidence of complicated postpartum periods, including hemorrhagic complications, was also reduced compared to the group of patients not receiving electromagnetic stimulation.

The article presents the main components of the epidemiological surveillance system for infectious and parasitic diseases in the Armed Forces, the improvement of organizational forms of anti-epidemic protection of troops by developing an automated information and analytical system to support epidemiological surveillance, describes the architecture of special software, technology stack, and algorithms for its functioning. The development and implementation of special software to support epidemiological surveillance will automate the processes of accounting, registration, retrospective and operational epidemiological analysis, monitoring possible complications of sanitary and epidemiological situation in order to timely develop measures to prevent the introduction, occurrence and spread of infectious and parasitic diseases in the Armed Forces.

The review examines the impact of major air pollutants on the development of allergic rhinitis and interstitial pulmonary diseases. Available domestic and foreign literature sources have been analyzed and summarized, on the basis of which the dominant air pollutants influencing the development, exacerbation and progression of these pathologies have been identified. A set of measures has been proposed to improve the quality of medical prevention, which will minimize the adverse impact of polluted air on public health. An increase in the number of prospective studies evaluating the effectiveness of measures aimed at medical prevention of the development and progression of respiratory diseases is justified.

The purpose of this study is to study the microbiological contamination of air and environmental objects in sleeping areas of barracks for conscripts. Air samples and surface swabs were collected in the morning, afternoon and evening at different times of the year. The results were compared. Conclusions were made about the highest air contamination in the evening, in winter the air contamination is higher, the lowest level of surface contamination is in the evening, reaching its maximum in the morning, within a week the contamination of air and surfaces doubles from the moment of «general» cleaning.

The antihypoxic effect of a combination of bemethyl and melatonin after single intraperitoneal injection was studied in a model of hypercapnic hypoxia in a hermetic volume in mice. The average effective dose of bemethyl in this model, calculated by regression analysis, was 210 mg/kg, the average effective dose of melatonin was 99 mg/kg. As part of a combination in a ratio of 5:1, the activity of the compounds increases significantly, the ED50 of bemethyl decreases to 85 mg/kg, the same indicator for melatonin becomes 14.7 mg/kg. Administration of a combination of 100 mg/kg of bemethyl and 20 mg/kg of melatonin to mice leads to an increase in their lifespan under standard hypoxic conditions up to 46 ± 4.3 minutes, which is 138.5 % more than in animals receiving placebo. An analysis of the pharmacodynamics of the combination of drugs according to T. Chou showed an additive type of interaction, which makes it possible to reduce the doses of the components in their combined use by 2.0–6.7 times.

The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of oxygen consumption by a person when staying in gaseous environments with different argon content to confirm its antihypoxic effect. 24 male subjects aged 19–26 years were examined, divided into 3 groups of equal size. For 60 minutes, the subjects of all groups were exposed to environments with normal oxygen content (20.9 % vol.) and varying argon content. Volunteers of the 1st group – in atmospheric air conditions; the subjects of the 2nd group – in a gaseous environment with an argon content of 35 % by volume, nitrogen content – 44.1 % by volume; Subjects of the 3rd group – in an environment with an argon content of 79.1 % vol. During the study, the volunteers‘ oxygen consumption (VO₂) was determined. As a result of the research, it was found that no significant changes in VO₂ were noted in group 1; Groups 2 and 3 showed an average decrease in VO₂ of 10 % and 15 %, respectively. The data obtained showed that partial or complete replacement of nitrogen with argon in the ambient air leads to a dose-dependent decrease in oxygen consumption by the body. This fact, in our opinion, confirms the antihypoxic biological activity of argon.

The purpose of this study was to select methods for assessing mental performance that are sensitive to the effects of sleep loss, do not have a learning effect, allow for research outside specialized institutions that do not require the involvement of highly qualified specialists, with a duration of no more than 5 minutes.

Based on materials from domestic and foreign scientific literature, a comparative analysis of the methods most often used to assess mental performance was carried out: information retrieval under time pressure, determining the volume of short-term memory, proofreading tests, including modifications by V.A. Mozin and A.M. Paracheva, E. Krepelina, N.I. Kurochkin, simple visual-motor reaction, choice reaction, reaction to a moving object, as well as L.M. Belozerova and P.N. Chainikova,

As a result, it was found that, based on the totality of characteristics, to assess the effect of sleep duration on mental performance, determined by the degree of sleep provision, it is advisable to use the method of simple visual-motor reaction with evaluation of the results either according to the method of T.D. Loskutova or M.P. Moroz. (variational chronoreflexometry).

In the absence of technical capabilities, the method of E. Kraepelin, modified by G. Schulte, can be used, as it has long been proven, the simplest to organize and at the same time reliable.

The purpose of the study was to study the indicators of psychological adaptation among cadets of the military medical institute, its dynamics during the learning process and its impact on academic performance. The assessment was carried out using the “Test of Neuropsychic Adaptation” developed by I.N. Gurvich. As a result of the research, it was found that the majority of cadets have a high level of neuropsychic adaptation. The main influence on adaptation processes in the learning process is exerted by the volume of the training load. At the same time, the processes of neuropsychic adaptation in young men and women during the learning process have certain differences, which must be taken into account in the preparation process, as well as the relationship with academic performance indicators.

Morbid obesity is a global healthcare problem worldwide. The number of patients isincreasing. Excessive weight gain leads to the development of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases,which ultimately lead to death. Bariatric surgery is the most radical treatment for this condition Determination of type of eating behavior to select a bariatric surgery technique for patients with morbid obesity did not find wide application. Usage of relationships between types of eating behavior and body mass index allows for the selection of the optimal surgical technique, which helps reduce the risk of postoperative complications and promote long-term body weight normalization.

The classification, key pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical course and modern principles of surgical management of acute fluid collections complicating the course of acute pancreatitis are presented in this review.

Acute fluid collections are formed in acute pancreatitis in more than 50 % of cases, predetermining medium or severe course of the disease. Acute fluid collections are formed as a result of primary aseptic inflammatory edema in the zone of pancreatic gland destruction (early phase), aseptic sequestration with subsequent melting (liquefaction) of necrotized tissue (late phase) and violation of integrity of pancreatic duct system, which can occur at different terms from the onset of the disease.

Invasive treatment of acute fluid collections is indicated in case of their infection, persisting or first appeared organ failure, intra-abdominal hypertension, development of symptoms or complications. For invasive treatment of acute fluid collections percutaneous (under US or CT control), endoscopic (transmural or transpapillary) and operative (open or minimally invasive) interventions are used. They may be combined and/or performed sequentially. The probability of application of different methods of invasive management of acute fluid collections in each specific case determine the need for a multidisciplinary (with the participation of surgeons, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, radiation and endoscopic diagnostics doctors) approach to medical care for this pathology.

Meanwhile, up to now, clear and unambiguous indications for invasive management of acute fluid collections have not been evidently defined, the criteria of choosing the optimal terms, method, access and volume of intervention have not been regulated.

Nosocomial sinusitis is a common manifestation of nosocomial infection. The urgency of the problem is related to the growth of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, the duration of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity (nasogastric tube, intubation tube, nasal tampons), the use of drugs that have a negative effect on mucociliary clearance. Questions remain open regarding the scope of the diagnostic algorithm and therapeutic tactics, as well as measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of nosocomial sinusitis.

The data on the main pathogens and the balance of the microbiota, modern approaches to antibacterial therapy are analyzed, the stage and importance of the main preventive measures are determined, taking into account modifiable factors, to effectively minimize the risk of nosocomial sinusitis. The issues of the relationship between the development of nosocomial sinusitis and the presence of modifiable risk factors in the patient, and the variability of the nosocomial microbiota in patients in intensive care and intensive care units of multidisciplinary healthcare institutions are considered.

The article discusses the issues of the formation of female citizens as military doctors. The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal framework governing the participation of women in the military medicine system, as well as to identify existing opportunities and limitations for their professional growth in this field. The article provides legislative acts concerning the service of women doctors in the Armed Forces, including special training programs, as well as the conditions under which they can become military doctors. The paper notes that the availability of qualified female military doctors can increase the effectiveness of medical care in the army.

The primary objective of the study was to assess the amount of fructose consumed by military personnel aged 19–47 years, including both sweetened soft drinks and refined sugar. The average daily intake of added fructose from sweetened beverages was 8 g, while the average daily intake from refined sugar was 12 g, compared to the acceptable daily intake of 15–20 g. Excessive amounts of added fructose were identified in the general military rations. Increased fructose consumption was associated with increased BMI, hyperuricemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and steatohepatitis. The results were compared with current literature. A health bulletin, «The Effect of Fructose on the Human Body,» was designed.

Acute intestinal obstruction is one of the most dangerous pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, requiring timely diagnosis and urgent treatment. It occurs when the direct flow of intestinal contents is interrupted or worsened by a mechanical cause, most often intra-abdominal adhesions, malignant neoplasms and hernias. According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, the number of newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer worldwide amounted to 1.8 million, of which up to 30 % were complicated by intestinal obstruction.

We have described a clinical case of obstructive colonic obstruction with late a fatal outcome, described the stages of diagnosis and treatment in a hospital setting in Minsk. The described clinical case illustrates that a comprehensive assessment of abdominal diseases with intestinal syndrome is necessary in people over 65 years of age, as a risk group for high comorbidity and atypical course of diseases. It requires an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis, which will help to avoid errors in the tactics of treating the disease.

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in pathopsychological characteristics, in specific signs of deviation from the normative eating behavior and anthropometric indicators in obese persons with compulsive overeating and in obese persons without compulsive overeating, which in the future will help to develop and improve the differential diagnostic parameters for further management and treatment of such patients.

Materials and methods. Pathopsychological features, specific signs of deviation from normal eating behavior, and anthropometric indicators of obese respondents (150 people) were studied: (1) obese patients of both sexes suffering from compulsive overeating (83 respondents), (2) obese patients of both sexes without compulsive overeating (67 respondents).

Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using Statistica 10.0, SPSS 22.0 software packages.

Results. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the parameters of the pathopsychological, anthropometric profiles and specific signs of deviation from the normative eating behavior in the presence of the clinical picture of obese individuals with compulsive overeating were established. Moreover, significantly greater disorders in executive functions were determined in patients of both sexes in the presence of compulsive overeating and obesity.

June 14, 2026 marks the 80th anniversary of the birth of Anatoly Isaakovich Zalmover, a retired colonel of the Medical Service, born in Brest, BSSR, from the family of a military doctor, a 1970 graduate of the Faculty of Training Doctors for the Ground and Missile Forces at the Kirov Military Medical Academy.