The article analyzes the existing legislative acts, normative legal acts of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Health regulating the issues of medical examination of servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, identifies the main problematic issues and discrepancies between them, and also develops possible ways to solve them.

This article is devoted to transrectal prostate biopsy in case of suspected prostate cancer. The article presents a technique of prostate biopsy performing with the use of periprostatic anesthesia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic organs during repeated biopsies, as well as the ways to reduce the risk of postprocedure infectious complications of prostate biopsy. Prostate biopsy was performed on 31 patients, 51.6 % of them diagnosed with prostate cancer. Complications were observed in 6.5 % of cases.

The article provides general information about clinical manifestations, modern approaches to the diagnosis and interpretation of clinical and instrumental methods in patients with various types of syncopal conditions, as well as provides own data from the analysis of medical care for this category of patients in the conditions of 432 main military clinical medical center. The emphasis is placed on the possibilities of diagnosis after the initial examination, the expediency of using simple and affordable diagnostic techniques (active orthostatic test, vegetative Kerdo index, scale for detecting permanent autonomic dysfunction), treatment tactics, prevention of possible complications, and solving expert issues.

The study presents clinical and genetic data of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of patients depending on the region of residence in the Republic of Belarus.

A retrospective analysis of data from 151 patients carried out using statistical data, the results of genetic testing, and data on the age of diagnosis.

Based on the results of the study, the prevalence of CF among the child population (0.09 cases per 1000 children), primary incidence (0.004 new cases per 1000 children), the average age of patients (9.9 ± 3.8 years), the average age of diagnosis was determined (1.8 years), median diagnosis (0.3 years), proportion of significant mutations (F508del – 54.1 %, CFTRdele2.3 – 11.1 %, 2184insA – 6.1 %, N1303K – 2.7 % , G542X – 1.7 %, W1282R – 1.0 %).

All indicators determined for 7 regions of the Republic of Belarus, the features of the prevalence of the disease and the identification of allelic variants of mutations analyzed depending on the patient’s place of residence.

Pain in the lower back is a serious problem for the patient’s quality of life. Scientific studies confirm the importance of this problem and emphasize the need for a timely and comprehensive approach to its treatment. The aim is to conduct a study of hardware spinal traction, also known as spinal traction, on the quality of life of patients with lumbalgia. Methods: SF-36 questionnaires were used to study the quality of life before and after the spinal traction course on the Robospine device. According to the results obtained against the background of therapy, the quality of life of patients with this pathology significantly improves, it is established that the quality of life of patients in all samples improves. In all groups, a significant improvement in the physical component of health according to SF-36 was found, with a predominance of improvement in men than in women. According to the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the effect on the general health of traction therapy in men is higher than in women. Also, the intensity of pain significantly decreased in men, against the general group and women. And physical functioning significantly improves in the general group after treatment, the advantage in improving the condition in women. It is recommended to use this technique for the treatment of patients with pain in the lower back.

Dyspnea is one of the common reasons why patients seek medical help. It occurs in many diseases and sometimes “harmless” conditions from a prognostic point of view.

The work examines the causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of shortness of breath, types of shortness of breath, modern approaches to diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the possibility of providing medical care in an outpatient setting.

This review examines pharmacogenetic markers of the response of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Evaluation of the results of pharmacogenetic studies already conducted indicates that in such a complex disease as MS, in order to effectively identify patients who are responders to BMT and have a low risk of developing adverse events, it will be necessary to simultaneously evaluate multiple genetic biomarkers. Research to identify relevant biomarkers is underway and the results will need to be extended to all BMT technologies. It should be understood, however, that extensive testing in large groups of patients will be required before they can be used in clinical practice.

The first part of the article presents modern ideas about chronic gastritis – the concept and definitions, epidemiology, the main mechanisms and the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of the disease. Various variants of classifications and clinical manifestations are reflected.

Chronic gastritis is a diagnosis that is often implemented in medical practice, and its formulation does not always reflect the essential aspect of the disease in a particular patient. Over the past ten years, medical science has made a significant step forward, allowing us to reconsider our ideas about chronic gastritis at a qualitatively new level of knowledge.

Sarcopenia is a progressive generalised skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. Sarcopenic obesity is a clinical and functional condition characterized by the coexistence of excess fat mass and sarcopenia. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People presented updated data on sarcopenia (EWGSOP2). The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched an initiative to reach expert consensus on a definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity. This article contains the main provisions of the documents and a review of the literature on the mechanisms, diagnosis and clinical significance of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.

Ongoing military conflicts, an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, an increase in the intensity of combat training in the Armed Forces inevitably confront hospitals and military medical organizations with the need to work in conditions of mass influx of wounded. Lack of regulatory documents, feature of the organizational and staff structure and layout of emergency rooms of military healthcare organizations lead to the need for individual attitude to the organization of work in the mass casualty incidents. This article presents the experience of solving the problem of organization the work of a military clinical medical center in the conditions of a large number incoming wounded in a peacetime.

This article analyzes the instructions approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus on May 19, 2023 No. 92 “On approval of the Instructions on the procedure for the medical use of blood and (or) its components in healthcare organizations”, in comparison with the Instructions for use approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus from December 1, 2003 No. 118–1103 “Transfusion of donor blood and its components.” New aspects of the rationale for transfusion therapy, additions to the indications and contraindications for blood transfusion, its components, changes in laboratory diagnostics and transfusion techniques, based on the achievements and capabilities of modern transfusion medicine, are reflected.

The article provides information on the relevance of providing care to patients with Wilson-Konovalov disease, as well as the results of a clinical and diagnostic comparison, analysis of medical care for military personnel diagnosed with Wilson-Konovalov disease, expediency of using evaluation scales to determine the prognosis and clinical features in this category of patients (diagnostic evaluation scale of the disease Wilson‘s disease (Scoring system develope datthe 8th International Meetingon Wilson‘s disease, Leipzig 2001), the prognostic index of Wilson‘s disease (NewWilson Index for Predicting Mortality modified by Dhawanetal).

The article highlights the possibilities of conducting a comprehensive forensic assessment of gunshot injuries resulting from a ricochet when fired from rifled and smoothbore weapons in order to determine the conditions for their formation. The purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic signs of gunshot injuries resulting from a rebound, and to develop an algorithm for conducting a comprehensive assessment and determination of the conditions for the formation of this type of a gunshot injury. To achieve this goal, a series of ballistic experiments was carried out on the formation of gunshot injuries of biological and non-biological targets resulting from a rebound when fired from rifled smoothbore weapons, a comprehensive forensic study and an applied statistical analysis of experimental data. Based on the obtained results, objective and scientifically justified diagnostic signs of the specified type of a gunshot injury were established, an algorithm for conducting a comprehensive assessment and determining the conditions for its formation was developed. The revealed patterns can be used in forensic medical practice, which will help objectify the definition of the conditions for the formation of gunshot injury during situational examinations.

The article provides a brief overview of the basic information on the history of the development, production, testing and use of biological weapons in different countries. The general characteristics of biological weapons are given, the main goals, objectives and methods of their use are considered. The specific facts of the use of combat strains of natural and modified microorganisms, natural toxins for military purposes, as well as the facts of the leakage of biological weapons from military microbiological laboratories and industrial facilities engaged in the production of biological weapons, with the defeat of the civilian population, are given.

We have described a clinical case of successful diagnosis and treatment in the inpatient setting of State Institution «432 State VKMC» in Minsk, a man aged 45 years with a diagnosis of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, who was in contact with a person who arrived from countries with a tropical climate.

The combined treatment program (a combination of anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticoids and antibacterial treatment) made it possible to significantly shorten the treatment period, reduce the intensity of exanthema and general intoxication syndrome.

The described clinical case illustrates that an integrated approach is needed to assess various types of skin lesions in people who temporarily lived in countries with a tropical climate or had contact with them, as a group at increased risk of contracting tropical infections and acute infectious diseases manifested by exanthema. This risk factor can contribute to outbreaks of infectious diseases in military personnel with atypical skin manifestations that require an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.

January 2023 marked the 200th anniversary of the publication of the first issue of the Military Medical Journal, the oldest Russian periodical devoted to the consecration of medical issues related to both public health in general and military medicine in particular. The author of the idea and the active initiator of the foundation and publication of the «Military Medical Journal» was a military doctor, life surgeon of the Russian Imperial Court, organizer of military medical affairs in the Russian army, President of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, Chief Military Medical Inspector of the Russian Army, acting privy Councilor, Baronet Yakov Vasilyevich Willie.

This article presents historical information about the course, clinical manifestations and treatment of the wound of the Red Army Commander General Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin. After being wounded by gunshot, the General developed an anaerobic infection. Despite all the efforts of experienced surgeons, their actions did not help to overcome this seemingly non-fatal wound.