The article analyzes the existing systems of medical examination military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, identifies problematic issues and possible areas of improvement.

The article considers the performing of a humanitarian mission by a special purpose medical unit in the Syrian Arab Republic. The features of involvement of medical units of the Ministry of Defense to provide medical care to victims of natural disasters are determined. The identified features must be taken into account when planning the use of medical units in the aftermath of emergency situations.

The article presents general information about clinical manifestation, modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as own data of the analysis of the provision of medical care to the category of patients in the conditions of 432 MMCMC. The emphasis is placed on the possibilities of iagnosis, treatment tactics, prevention of possible complications, solving expert issues.

The aim of the present study was to express the present opinion on methods of diagnosis war urological injures, based on experience of War conflicts recent years. After data processing, our article will help you to work out the strategy and tactics of treatment, depending on conditions at each stage of medical evacuation.

This article analyzes the most common classification of urological trauma. Their features and conditions of use during the medical and evacuation provision of the wounded in wartime are shown.

Observations of military conflicts and local wars of recent decades show us that the concept of «chemical weapons» has not yet been deleted from the military lexicon of various countries, despite the convention on its prohibition. In recent decades, there have been cases of the use of mustard gas, sarin, tabun and VX in Halabaja (Iraq), sarin in Tokyo (Japan) in 1995 and in Syria in 2013, 2017, incidents with substances of the Novichok group in 2018 and 2020, there are cases of the use of grenades with toxic substances by the Armed Forces of Ukraine substances (chlorine, ammonia). The use of organophosphorus compounds as the most effective group of toxic substances for sabotage purposes or as part of an armed conflict is not excluded.

They form fast-acting, persistent, deadly foci with a high specific gravity of extremely severe patients with an unfavorable prognosis. Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of damage by toxic chemicals belonging to the FOV group, principles of medical care.

The frequency and nature of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in patients and adolescents with electrocardiographic syndrome of early ventricular repolarization were studied. It has been determined that cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances in patients with early ventricular repolarization syndrome are quite common, with a predominance of arrhythmias caused by a change in the automatism function of the sinus node and the presence of intraventricular blockades. It was revealed that in children with this electrocardiographic phenomenon, in the vast majority of cases, there are manifestations of the syndrome of connective tissue dysplasia –minor anomalies in the development of the heart – 84.1%, (p < 0.001), and additional chords are most often recorded in the cavity of the left ventricle – 85.6% (p < 0.001), both isolated and in combination with other anomalies and congenital heart defects. It was found that cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances in patients with electrocardiographic syndrome of early ventricular repolarization are quite common (78.6±1.84%), with a predominance of cases of arrhythmias caused by changes in the automatism function of the sinus node (p < 0.001) and the presence of intraventricular blocks. In children and adolescents with early ventricular repolarization, additional chords are most often recorded (85.6%, (p < 0.001)), both isolated and in combination with other heart anomalies. The data obtained indicate the presence of a relationship between the early ventricular repolarization syndrome and connective tissue dysplasia, which makes it possible to attribute this electrocardiographic syndrome to the conditions associated with this syndrome.

The response to drug therapy is determined by the genetic characteristics of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the human body. The study of the relationship between genetic factors and the resistance of patients with severe outcome is necessary to understand the causes of the formation of this endophenotype of schizophrenia. Our analysis showed a more frequent combination of a severe outcome of schizophrenia with alleles of genes that control the peripheral metabolism of xenobiotics and cause the pharmacokinetic processes of antipsychotic therapy.

Mathematical modeling of neurophysiological and neuropathological processes and conditions is one of the clusters of neuroscience development. This problematic article provides examples of autowave processes (AVPs) described to date in various areas of Neurology and Medicine, and also demonstrates possible directions/prospects for the further use of the AVP theory in clinical practice. The concept of “autowave penumbra” is introduced, which reflects a change in the nature of bioelectrical processes in active mediums of the body (the nature of self-organization of the neuronal pacemaker activity and/or the nature of the propagation of depression/depolarization waves) with the formation of self-sustaining pathological electrophysiological (bioelectric, autowave processes) that manifest themselves and changes in immune responses (activation of cytokines, for example), excessive neurodegeneration (activation of neuronal apoptosis, for example), etc.

Thousands of young men are conscripted for military service with various nutritional status and physical fitness condition every year. The adaptation of conscripted soldiers to the factors of military service occurs at three levels: physiological, psychological and social. The purpose of the study was to assess the dynamic changes of body structure parameters in conscripted soldiers during 6 months of service by conscription and to determine the effect of skeletal muscle mass growth on iron metabolism during adaptation to military service conditions. A prospective observational study involved 145 conscripted soldiers from one of the military units after informed consent. The study was performed from the moment of conscription for military service in 3 stages with an interval of 3 months using a four-component model of body structure and a four-component model of iron metabolism. The skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue mass and were determined caliperometrically. Hematological and biochemical parameters of iron metabolism were assessed. Dynamic changes and types of growth of the skeletal muscle mass, as well as changes in the parameters of iron metabolism have been obtained. The body weight of conscripted soldiers changes slightly within 6 months from the moment of conscription. At the same time internal changes occurred in the structure of the body of conscripted soldiers due to an increase in skeletal muscle mass and a decrease in the mass of adipose tissues. The types of skeletal muscle mass growth were determined among conscripted soldiers. There were an increase in skeletal muscle mass and hemoglobin fund to provide them oxygen by the influence of increased physical loading. It led to a decrease in iron stores, estimated by serum ferritin, and signs became more pronounced of iron deficiency erythropoiesis, which were determined in erythrocyte indexes. These combined changes can be assessed as functional iron deficiency or iron deficiency without anemia.

The aim of the work was to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the physical development of conscripts. Based on anthropometric studies of body length and weight, lung capacity, chest circumference, as well as dynamometry of the strength of the flexor muscles of the fingers of the right and left hands using the method of sigma deviations and multivariate regression analysis, a method was developed for a comprehensive assessment of the physical development of conscripts based on growth indicators, body weight, chest circumference, spirometry and carpal dynamometry. The application of the proposed methodology will improve the effectiveness of measures to preserve and improve the health of this category of servicemen.

New and promising pathogenetically substantiated methods for the treatment of coronavirus pneumonias are proposed based on the features of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of pneumoniae pathology established in this work, as a prospect for ensuring the biological safety of troops and the population.

The article presents the results of the analysis of family-legal and civil-legal aspects arising from relations in the application of assisted reproductive technologies (hereinafter referred to as ART). The analysis of the legal regulation of germ cell donation, legal problems of anonymity of donors was carried out. The provisions of a number of international acts served as the normative base for the study. These provisions include the final documents adopted at the UN International Conference on Population and Development and the IV UN World Conference on the Status of Women [1, 2]. An analysis of the legislation regulating the use of ART in the Republic of Belarus was carried out. The subject of the research is also the legislative regulation of the use of ART in foreign countries, the works of scientists in the field of medicine and jurisprudence. The studies were carried out on the basis of traditional methods of scientific research of state-legal institutions, the use of methods for interpreting civil law norms contributed to the study of aspects of the topic, the empirical base of the study was the acts of the judiciary on the issues under study, the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.Important data for the study were obtained through a survey of doctors providing services using ARTinMinsk(conducted by the author). To reveal the social attitudes of the use of invitro fertilization (hereinafter referred to as IVF) among people suffering from infertility, a survey was conducted at the personal request of people suffering from infertility (conducted by the author). The proposals and conclusions formulated in the article can be used in law-making activities aimed at improving the legislation on ART in the Republic of Belarus, as well as in the process of teaching civil and family law of the Republic of Belarus in educational institutions.

The general characteristics of the methods and results of the treatment of acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology for the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 are presented.

Patients with acute biliary pancreatitis are cared for based on the key principles of acute pancreatitis treatment of any other etiology – the long-term multicomponent intensive therapy aimed to relieve the syndrome of the systemic inflammatory response, to prevent multiple organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis foci, to refuse direct surgical interventions at the early stage of the disease, the reasonable use of minimally invasive draining interventions and the use of a regimen of repeated programmed operations to actively control all areas of necrotic destruction and infection to prevent the development of intra-abdominal complications.

Currently the key component of complex treatment of acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology is unanimously considered as the relief (conservative or surgical) of pancreatobiliary ductal hypertension.

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy with choledochal drainage according to Halsted is a pathogenetically substantiated method of choosing the final treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis and should be performed regardless of the severity of the disease during the current hospitalization in all patients, as soon as their condition allows them to transfer the intervention.

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy with choledochal drainage according to Halsted is a pathogenetically grounded method of choice of the definitive treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis etiology and should be carried out regardless of the disease severity in the period of the current hospitalization for all patients as soon as their state allows to survive the intervention.

Lethal outcomes at moderately severe and severe acute biliary pancreatitis are almost evenly distributed according to the terms (till/later than 2 weeks) after the disease beginning; their main cause is progressing multiple organ failure both in the aseptic course of the disease and at pancreatic necrosis infection.

Principles of diagnostics and treatment based on the international proved practical recommendations are presented.

The peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease dictate the necessity of distinguishing acute biliary pancreatitis into a separate clinical category and determine essential differences in its treatment tactics in comparison with acute pancreatitis of other etiology. The key components of the complex treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis are curing (conservative or operative) of duct hypertension and cholecystectomy, preferably – laparoscopic, and the time period, when duct system decompression can prevent the progression of acute pancreatitis, does not exceed 48 hours after the disease beginning. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a pathogenetically grounded method of the final treatment of acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed during current hospitalization irrespective of the disease severity in all patients as soon as their condition allows to survive the intervention.

The article presents historical information about occupational malignant neoplasms and assesses the current state of the problem of occupational cancer. Data are given on the incidence of malignant neoplasms of different localizations depending on working conditions at carcinogenic enterprises, the ways in which carcinogenic factors affect the body of workers and the duration of their contact with industrial carcinogens, as well as gender differences in occupational cancer incidence in different countries of the world. Original hypotheses about the factors that can influence the increased oncological incidence of oncologists are expressed. Information about the current and developed measures for the prevention of occupational malignant neoplasms is given. A favorable situation in terms of occupational cancer incidence in Belarus is shown.

We have described a clinical case of successful treatment of a 31-year-old woman with chronic diffuse telogen effluvium induced by latent iron deficiency. The described clinical case illustrates the need for a comprehensive approach to the assessment of chronic telogen hair loss, alertness in women of childbearing age, as a risk group for latent iron deficiency.

This article provides information on the importance of knee examination technique in those patients who are concerned about chronic pain in the knee joints, leading to impaired mobility.

The creation of an autonomous Blood Service in the Armed Forces (AF) is connected with the formation of intensive therapy in military medicine to meet the current need for donated blood and its components as well as to organize the deployment of Blood Service institutions during wartime. The beginning was the creation in 1961 the blood and Tissue research laboratory at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. In 1962 the Blood Service was formed in the structure of the medical service of the Belarusian Military District.

The objective of the study: conduct an analysis of cause and effect relationships of the formation of the Blood Service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (AF) and to determine the tendencies of its development.

Material and methods. The statistical and archival documents of the Blood Transfusion Center 432 MMCMC, museum materials of the HI “6th CCH” as well as literary publications were studied. Materials of memoirs and photos from personal archives were obtained by interviewing veterans of the blood service.

Results and discussion. The review of the formation and development of the blood service in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus from 1962 to 2022 has been carried out. The chronology of the changing the name of the military institution of the blood service and its commanders is shown. In peacetime military doctors are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of the same nosologies as their civilian colleagues. Meanwhile, they must have specific knowledge and skills in military field therapy and surgery, in the organization of tactics of the medical service, medical intelligence and others. A modern concept of urgent transfusiology appeared which proclaimed that the best blood substitute is whole donor blood. It is also followed by specialists of the 432nd MMCMC who believe that in critical situations, as a necessary measure, transfusion of whole donor blood in acute massive blood loss is justified.

Conclusions.

1. The organization of an autonomously operating blood service in the Armed Forces including in the Red Banner Belarusian Military District is connected with the formation of intensive care in military medicine.

2. Armed local conflicts in the world have caused to improve the methods of providing transfusiological care.

3. The practical solution of medical support is supposed to be carried out by the military medical service together with civilian healthcare institutions.

The article is devoted to the life path, service and professional activities of a participant in three wars of the first half of the XX century, an extraordinary personality and public figure – Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, Major General of the medical service of Nevsky Nikolay Mikhailovich. His talent as an organizer of military healthcare was especially evident in the theater of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 during his leadership of the frontline evacuation point No. 77 of the Western and 2nd Belorussian Fronts for 5 years, as well as in the post-war period – during his 20-year leadership of the collectives of two of the largest military hospitals in the country – the Central Military Clinical Hospital named after P.V. Mandryk and the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko.