The article presents historical information about the features of sorting the wounded soldiers during the Great Patriotic war, as well as in the early postwar period.

The main causes of patellar instability are such features of the anatomy of the patella-femoral joint as high position of the patella (patella alta), trochlear dysplasia, lateral position of the tibial tuberosity, etc. Dysplasia of the distal metaepiphysis of the femur often does not allow to stabilize the patella with help of relatively mini-invasive soft tissue grafting of the medial patellofemoral ligament, and it leads to recurrence of the pathology and the need to perform revision surgery. A thorough diagnosis of patients with instability of the patella and early detection of signs of dysplasia and recognition of type of the femoral trochlea dysplasia allows you to plan the surgical treatment correctly and achieve good and excellent results in the postoperative period.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the emergency surgical service of the Republic of Belarus for 2009–2018 years. The official statistics of the Ministry of health of Belarus are given. The causes of growth of postoperative mortality in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity are analyzed. The article discusses ways of reducing mortality and prospects of development of the emergency surgery in the Republic.

We analyzed the results of surgical treatment malunion of the distal radius metaepiphysis in 32 patients, who were treated in the City Clinical Centre of Traumatology and Orthopedics 6th Clinical Hospital of Minsk. The DASH scale was used to evaluate the remote functional results, as well as the measurement of the movement volume in the wrist joint (flexion / extension, pronation / supination, radial / ulnar deviation). The statistical processing of the results was carried out using nonparametric methods.

In all patients with acute purulent rhinosinusitis (APRS) on the 7th day of treatment, a significant decrease in endogenous intoxication was achieved according to the dynamics of hematological indices. The prognostic parameters of a slower response to the treatment are: the presence of endogenous intoxication and leukocytosis before treatment, baseline estimates of visual analogue scale (VAS) symptoms of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, and age over 50 years. The treatment by the 7th day significantly improved the quality of life (QOL) of patients with OGRS, both by assessing the general condition and individual symptoms. A decrease in QOL (VAS > 5) was preserved in 2.9 % of patients according to the general condition, in 4.7 % in hyposmia, in 4.1 % in nasal congestion, in 3.5 % in rhinorrhea and 0 % by pain. Compared with patients who did not have a reduced QOL (VAS 1 < 5) before treatment, in patients with an initially reduced QOL (VAS 1 > 5) on the 7th day of treatment, a clinically significant assessment (VAS2 > 2.3) of the general condition and / or symptoms (with the exception of pain), from 6.4 % to 15.7 % of cases. Thus, the assessment of the general condition by VAS > 5 before treatment is predictive in terms of the likelihood of maintaining the clinical significance of the assessment of the general condition and symptoms (with the exception of pain) by the 7th day of treatment. In the treatment of patients with acute purulent maxillary sinusitis, there was no statistically significant difference in treatment outcomes both in the dynamics of assessments of VAS general condition, individual symptoms and QOL, and in the dynamics of endogenous intoxication indicators between patients who received antibacterial parenteral therapy with ceftriaxone and patients receiving oral amoxicillin / clavulanate.

This article presents the research results of patients from military service with the syndrome of good-quality hyperbilirubinemia in a public institution «432 orders of the Red Star the main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus» and expert evaluation by specialists of the state institution «Central Military Medical Commission of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus». Taking into account the manifestation of this syndrome at young age, including during military service, it is a topical medical and social problem in the provision of medical care to military personnel in a military unit and doctors of other specialties in civil health care.

The epidemiological characteristic of the typhoid morbidity annual and long-standing dynamics in population of the Republic of Belarus from 1945 to 2018 was provided. We used the following epidemiological diagnostics methods for meeting the established objectives: the retrospective epidemiological analysis and basic statistical methods. The typhoid morbidity was uneven between different years (from 0.01 to 75.8 cases per 100 000 people). Currently 77 chronic typhoid carriers are registered in the Republic of Belarus. The majority of them are women and 94.8±2.5 % of this carriers are non-working retirees. The vast majority of chronic typhoid carriers are registered in the Minsk and Brest regions (58.4 %), the least of them are found in the Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev regions and in Minsk city (ranged from 6.5 % to 7.8 %). In the Republic of Belarus phagotypes A and E1 are the most common in chronic typhoid carriers (50.6±1.3 %). The proportion of the other S. typhi phagotypes varies between 1.3 % and 10.4 %. The predominant age of typhoid infection was 18–40 years old (66.3±5.4 %). In 28.3±5.1 % of cases infection was associated with household or work contact with typhoid fever patient or carrier.

The article presents techniques to assess the actual provision of the body with energy, basic macro-and micronutrients. The use of such somatometric indicators as the skin-fat fold over the triceps, the shoulder circumference with subsequent determination of the shoulder muscle circumference, the level of urine excretion of nitrogen-containing substances (total nitrogen, urea nitrogen, creatinine and the calculated creatinine coefficient, as well as the creatininegrowth index) makes it possible to assess the degree of deviation from the standard of energy and protein adequacy of nutrition. Determination of mg/hour excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine, the strength of skin capillaries and the time of dark adaptation allows evaluating the vitamin security.

Described preservation of renal grafts actual problems. Data on organ donors, their varieties are given. The basic cellular mechanisms during cold preservation are noted, it`s positive and negative effects are identified. Reflected risk factors and causes of delayed function and rejection of a kidney transplant. Described characteristics of solutions for cold preservation of organs.
Celsior is also an extracellular solution. It was originally developed for heart transplantation. It contains a high concentration of sodium with histidine as a buffer, lactobionate and mannitol to prevent swelling and glutathione as an antioxidant. The solution is now used in heart, liver, pancreas and kidney transplants.

The aim of the research was to study the biological effect of a mixture of 38 % solution of silver diamine fluoride and 10 % solution of povidone-iodine in the ratio we proposed in an acute toxicological experiment with various routes of entry and analysis of the data obtained. The object of the study was an experimental mixture (EM) consisting of hydroxyapatite, a 38 % solution of silver diamine fluoride and a 10 % solution of povidone iodine in the ratio we proposed; conventional experimental animals (white rats and mice, rabbits). Subject of study: acute oral toxicity, irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes, sensitizing effect, in vitro cytotoxic effect. It was established that the EM according to the parameters of acute intragastric toxicity refers to low-dangerous chemical compounds (IV danger class); does not have a local irritant effect with a single epicutaneous application to the intact skin of white rats (0 class of severity of skin-irritating properties); does not have an irritative effect with a single exposure to the mucous membranes of the eyes of rabbits (0 class of severity of irritative effect); does not have a sensitizing effect (lack of a tendency for a sensitizing effect) and cytotoxic effect in in vitro experiments.

The article presents the pathogenesis and clinic of arterial hypertension, pathophysiological mechanisms of isolated systolic arterial hypertension and orthostatic hypotension at elderly patients. Results of a number of the randomized clinical trials which proved advantage of treatment of the increased arterial blood pressure at persons of advanced and senile age are summarized. Modern approaches to antihypertensive therapy at elderly patients are proposed within the framework of the foreign recommendations.

The article discusses the main stages of the study history of sarcoidosis as a separate nosology according to literary sources. A transformation of ideas about sarcoidosis from skin disease to systemic pathology is presented.

Adherence to treatment is a decisive factor in antihypertensive therapy, which improves the prognosis of patients with hypertension. Low adherence to therapy is found in 50 % of AH patients, including those included in clinical trials, although in these individuals it is significantly higher than in actual outpatient clinical practice. Adherence to therapy is determined by factors that depend on the patient, are associated with the therapy, are associated with the disease, are dependent on doctors, and have socio-economic aspects. Factors depending on the patient include gender, age, level of education, income level, knowledge of the disease, practical skills, the psychological status of the patient and the presence of motivation for treatment. Among the factors of adherence associated with the therapy itself, the choice of the first drug, the number of drugs, the frequency of their intake, the regimen of administration, the development of side effects and the duration of the treatment being performed are essential.

The article presents a review of literature data on the tools used in assessing the quality of life related to health, a description of the questionnaires and the conditions of their use.

The review presents updated Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, adopted at the congress of the European Society of Hypertension in June 2018, and then at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology in August 2018. Of particular interest are various questions about the features of the treatment of arterial hypertension in certain clinical situations situations (in focus cardiorenal protection). In the new version of the Recommendations, many of the positions presented in the document to the professional community are contradictory, despite the extremely high level of evidence.

This literature review describes the main accepted models that explain the causes of alcohol use by people with schizophrenia, their disadvantages and advantages are considered. Based on literature data, the influence of alcohol on psychopathological symptoms, cognitive functions and performing cognition in people with schizophrenia at different stages of consumption was revealed. Insufficient knowledge of the influence of preclinical forms of alcohol consumption on the course, outcome of the disease and such an effect as the manifestation of aggression has been established.

The article describes the pharmaceutical industry trends in the world. In developed countries the high level of the pharmaceutical industry associates with the pharmaceutical multinational corporations. Producing original drugs and biotechnological products they maintain leadership in the global pharmaceutical market constantly. The expiration of the patents for original drugs and biotechnological products allows other pharmaceutical manufacturers to produce generics, solving the problem of availability of medicines in the world and increasing the competition in the global pharmaceutical market. The pharmaceutical manufacturers reduce their access to foreign markets and profitability, because of the lack of innovative drugs. Besides, their orientation only to market demand and the production of low profit generics significantly limits their financial opportunities for investment in the production of the innovative drugs and, at the same time, for improving the quality of life.

The description of a carcinoid syndrome clinical case with its diagnostic difficulties is resulted in the article. Also modern approaches for disease diagnostics are cited.