In this article is enlighten the nativehistorical tendentious in the development of the concept of triage, the forms and ways of its implementation in the theaters of military operations from time of foundation to the period of Great Patriotic war.

The results of the analysis of the state of health and morbidity of military servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus for the period 2007–2016 are presented. A comparison was made with the health indicators of servicemen of the Russian Federation who are conscripted military service during the same period. Priority problem directions in the state of health and morbidity structure were identified, expediency of carrying out preventive measures contributing to improvement of health indicators of military personnel was determined.

Annotation: First aid is one of the priorities in protection of population in emergency situations. Discipline «First aid in emergencies» is one of the most important special disciplines, the development of which is aimed at improving the quality of training of the rescuer. Phantom-modular complex, as a means of full-scale modeling and simulation of various pathological conditions of the body of the victim in emergency situations broadens the range of methods and means of communication, allows to increase the creative activity of student's personality, to realize the motives and goals of training during training of the rescuer.
Purpose. Formation of a basis for a culture of life safety and readiness for professional practical activities to address the challenges of emergency response and first aid to victims in emergencies.
Application field of research. Preparation rescuers for first aid measures in the emergency situations.
Conclusions. Professional rescuer training in the discipline «First aid in emergencies» covers the entire structure of the University. Consistent and successful implementation of the tasks set in the study of the discipline allows learning to see your own achievements, convinced of the advisability of each operation step in the training, contribute to the gradual understanding of not only close, but the long-range prospects for the use of knowledge in matters of first aid in emergency situations. Tasks special training are solved in the process of special tactical, complex exercises with the practical application of expertise and resources phantom-modular complex in the conditions maximally close to real situation emergencies [1].
First aid in emergency situations is one of the priorities in protection of population in emergency situations. Phantom-modular complex on the discipline «First aid in emergencies» is one of the foundations of professional training of rescuers of the Ministry of emergency situations of the Republic of Belarus.

The results of a study of such characteristics of the personal and socio-demographic characteristics of young people predisposed to addictive behavior, such as the level of alexithymia, individual characterological personality traits, individual styles of coping with stress are presented. The study was conducted in three groups: the main one - persons prone to addictive behavior (systematic use of “new” psychoactive drugs in the form of synthetic cannabinoids), group of comparison (risk group for Internet addiction) and a control group with no signs of dependent behavior. Such features of persons predisposed to addictive behavior, as dis-adaptive personality traits and dysfunctional patterns of coping behavior were revealed.

Pathological attraction to alcohol can underlie the use of alcohol in alcohol dependence. This aspect of the problem is a controversial issue among experts in the field of narcology. We conducted a study to study the relevance, the causes of the emergence of various types of pathological craving for alcohol, a comparative characteristic, depending on the length of use of alcohol and age. 843 subjects of a male were examined. Of these, 398 people aged 14 to 25 years and 231 people over the age of 25 with alcohol dependence, 214 subjects of the control group without alcohol problems. It is established that the most urgent are obsessive and compulsive pathological attraction to alcohol with a tendency to predominance of compulsive attraction with age and experience of dependence. The factors contributing to the formation of different types of craving for alcohol are determined. The results of the study can be used for preventive, curative and rehabilitation activities.

The results of the analysis of the main causes of traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane in children in the epidemiological aspect, assessment of functional status of middle and inner ear during hospitalization and after discharge of patients, and treatment of patients suffering from traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane retrospectively are presented. The case records covered the period of 2014–2017.

Wearing winter uniforms makes it difficult both to assess the nature of the wounds and to stop bleeding. Included in the individual medical equipment of the military means of stopping heavy bleeding should provide the possibility of their effective application over winter uniforms, as in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus soldiers wear this outfit a significant time period during the year. Studies have shown that the developed model domestic hemostatic tourniquet (TKB-1) allows you to effectively pinch the artery of the upper limb when it is overlaid on top of the jacket.

The article presents the results of studies of the connection of neurocognitive indices in patients with schizophrenia with acute parkinsonism and akathisia, which resulted from the administration of standardized antipsychotic therapy to patients. It was found that drug-induced akathisia is significantly more often associated with such disorders of neurocognitive functions as impaired active attention, reduced visual short-term memory volume, poor automation and high distractibility. Drug-induced Parkinsonism revealed a connection with the violation of such characteristics of attention as work efficiency and degree of workability, as well as with a reduced volume of verbal short-term memory, a violation of working memory, severe cognitive control and thorough thinking.

Cerebrovascular diseases are the one of the most common causes of disability and mortality in the world. Among the acute cerebrovascular pathology, about 75 % occur in stenosing processes which are the main causes of cerebral circulation and vascular cognitive impairment. With the intercalation of modern methods of early diagnosis and surgical treatment of stenotic lesions of the cerebral arteries that make it possible to achieve success even in patients who were previously supposed to be incurable increased interest in assessing the status of neurocognitive status as one of the most important criteria for assessing the effectiveness of surgical intervention. The dynamics of the neurocognitive status at various stages of treatment and rehabilitation of a patient is directly related to such indicators of the effectiveness of medical measures such as the quality of life, social and prognosis.
This review focuses on the scientific study of factors determining early neurocognitive deficits and its dynamics on the background of surgery.

The complex connections bones of the midface into one leads to multiple comminuted traumatic injuries of this area. Pronounced edemas and hematomas in the early post-traumatic period require the determination of objective indications based on MSCT and CBCT data for proper open reduction and reconstryction of anatomically significant formation of the orbit. Frequent combination fractures of midface with damage of orbital bone structures lead to displacement lower orbital wall and lower orbital margin downward and inside, increasing the orbital volume, dislocation of the eyeball into cavity of maxillary sinus. Early open reduction and reconstruction of the lower orbital wall allow restore anatomy, eliminate displacement of the eyeball and minimize risk for development neuropathies of the n. opticus, which creates the best conditions for preventing the development of vision problems.

Authors presented their experience of anorectal manometry in children with constipation and fecal incontinence after surgical treatment of anorectal malformations. Registered parameters concluded: anal rest pressure, squeeze pressure, cough test, push test, rectoanal inhibitory reflex, rectal feeling, balloon expulsion. Anorectal manometry is one of the methods of functional investigation of the rectum and pelvic muscles. Authors recommend anorectal manometry for pediatricians and pediatric surgeons who treat patients with anorectal malformations after surgical procedures.

Gout is the common cause of joint damage in persons of working age. A retrospective analysis of 72 case histories of patients with gout and arterial hypertension , which accounted for 80.9 % of all patients with gout, treated in the rheumatology Department of me «9th city clinical hospital» in Minsk in 2015 – 2016 and implemented personal contact with patients. The article describes the clinical characteristics of patients with gout and hypertension, analyzed anamnestic data and the presence of comorbidity in this cohort of patients. The article describes the clinical characteristics of patients with gout and hypertension, analyzed anamnestic data and the presence of comorbidity in this cohort of patients evaluated at their clinic disease, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters. he high frequency of comorbidity and cardiac disorders in patients with gout and hypertension.

The pulmonary function tests in young people with Marfan syndrome and marfan-like states were estimated. Significant decrease in volume and velocity indices (FEV1, Tiffno index) was revealed in these groups of patients in comparison with the control group. A moderate negative correlation between the decrease in the pulmonary function tests and the number of signs of systemic involvement of connective tissue, cutaneous manifestations in the form of striae on the skin, bone manifestations in the form of scoliosis (kyphosis) was revealed.

437 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were conducted in the Republican Scientific and Practical Centre “Transplantation of Organs and Tissues” on the basis of the healthcare organization “9th City Clinical Hospital” of Minsk for the period 2008–2016. Incidence rate of OLT varied from 0.94 in 2008 to 7.59 and 7.37 per 1000000 population in 2015 and 2016. The age of patients who had undergone to OLT varied from 157 days to 71 years. The majority of OLT were conducted in the age groups over 40 (196 OLT, which amounted to 64.26 ± 2.74 % in the total structure). At the same time, 31.8 % of OLT were carried out at the age group of 50–59 years. 46 pathological processes occurring with liver damage led to the OLT operation. In childhood, the main cause of OLT was atresia of the biliary tract, in older age groups – cirrhosis of the liver, the most common cause of which was the viral hepatitis C. In the period after liver transplantation, 23 patients died, the mortality was 7.54 %. 92.46 % of OLT patients continue to live with transplanted liver within 1 to 19 years.

Protein-energy deficiency develops in patients with chronic pancreatitis as a result of pain and dyspeptic syndromes. Protein-energy deficiency is caused by a deficiency in the diet not only macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), but also micronutrients. Insufficient magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium in the diet and the dynamics of their levels in biological fluids (blood, urine) testified to their insufficient supply of patients with chronic pancreatitis during stationary treatment.

Actuality and necessity of using of experimental models of atopic dermatitis on animals and the main problems, associated with its modeling in vivo, were investigated. The existing experimental models were analyzed as well as possible advantages and disadvantages of each of them, depending on the goals and objectives of the study. The model of atopic dermatitis, with a combination of a genetic predisposition with the destruction of the border function of skin (mechanical and chemical disruption) and applications of allergen (with using of repeated sensitization), was learnt in the details. For induction of atopic reaction, depending on assigned tasks of investigation, haptens, foreign proteins (ovalbumin), as well as the most common allergens in the region (for example, on dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae) may be used.

The article presents the results of comparison of patients with probable and reliable antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) for clinical manifestations and serological markers of AFS, intra-group features of patients with probable and reliable APS, as well as the content of total vitamin D. the effect of additional administration of cholecalciferol in patients with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) with hypovitaminosis D on the level of total vitamin D and the content of individual AFL in the blood is described. The study included 193 patients: 104 patients with reliable APS, 66 patients with probable AFS and 23 practically healthy person. The Association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was observed in 25 patients with reliable AFS and 22 patients with probable APS.
The distinctive features of patients with probable AFS were revealed: greater proportion of persons with biological false – positive reaction of Wasserman and lesser proportion with skin lesions. The connection of simultaneous presence of two or more types of APLA with clinical manifestations of APS both in persons with probable and reliable AFS is shown. Presented serological features of patients with reliable APS with a level of total vitamin D < 20,0 ng/ml, Revealed that the lowest content of total vitamin D have the person with the reliable APS associated with SLE than those without SLE and healthy individuals. Shown correction of vitamin D deficiency and reduced level of antibodies to β2-glycoprotein I in AFLA-positive patients who were administered the additional intake of cholecalciferol.

The main clinical manifestations of affective disorders are presented in the form of symptom complexes of individual space, the vector of individual time, the rate of its movement and the physical qualities of the temporal spiral violations. It is argued that the clinical symptoms of affective disorders are due to the identified spatio-temporal disturbances and as having a physical basis can be measured in proper quantities. The mechanisms of occurrence of atypical clinical manifestations of affective disorders have been revealed. Recommendations for the management and treatment of patients have been developed.

Sanitary and hygienic analysis of modern problems of drinking water quality in the system of centralized household and drinking water supply (hereinafter referred to as the «ChPVP»), the installation of separate sewage outlets from food facilities, and the temporary storage of manure in the fields for subsequent use as fertilizer.
It is substantiated that with the modern construction of residential and public buildings, in many cases, in accordance with contractual obligations, the arrangement of pipelines for water from risers of the water supply system and its additional washing are the competence of the owners of these buildings and even individual apartments. In this regard, the requirements for ensuring the quality of water should be presented to the specified owners.
It has been established that the requirements for equipping a separate sewage outlet from a grocery store (another food facility) over the last decades were available in the current TNPA, but the lack of clarity in the wording of these requirements and other reasons contributed to the rrangement of these issues in a common sewage well common to residential and public buildings.
It is shown that the increase in the cost of drinking water requires a revision of modern approaches to the washing of water pipes, since the existing methods of carrying out such measures, including those set forth in the TNPA, are becoming too expensive, not always technically possible and are a significant obstacle to achieving the required result in meeting the requirements of legislation .
It was noted that the selection of land plots for the use of all varieties of manure and manure, their fractions are carried out simultaneously with the choice of a site for the construction of an animal husbandry and poultry enterprise. The state sanitary inspection should take this aspect into account when the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service participates in this procedure. The presence of a sanitary-epidemiological basis for the possibility of using the above-mentioned sites is required.

According to The results of the comparative analysis of 1237 medical records of children under the age of 18 years and cards of 1694 patients older than 18 years who were hospitalized with burns, it was established that adults 5.4 times more often have been likely to injured by an open flame, 1.6 times by electricity, 3 times – by chemicals. Children at 77.6 % of cases were burned by hot liquid, whereas adults are 1.8 times less often (42.8 %). 2.1 times more persons with an extensive (more than 11 % of the body surface) and 5.8 times with severe (fourth degree) burns, were recorded among adult patients that required more frequent necrotomy (4.5 times) and skin grafting (in 4.3 times), and longer inpatient treatment in a specialized Department.

The aim of the work was the territorial-temporal characterization of 437 operations of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) performed in the Republic of Belarus for the period 2008–2016. Incidence rate of OLT varied from 0.94 to 7.59 per 1000000 population. The long-term dynamics of the OLT incidence was characterized by a pronounced growth trend with an average annual growth rate of +16.41 %. In the annual dynamics, the increase in the frequency of OLT was observed from the first months of the year, the first peak was reached in March-April (the share in the annual structure – 10,07 % and 9.27 %). In subsequent months, the frequency of OLT was decreased and a minimum ratio of the share of OLT (5.56 %) was established in June. Since August, the frequency of OLT started to increase, second peak was observed in September-October (10,07 % and 9.38 %). Based on the epidemiological-cartographic analysis, it was established that 61 territories of the Republic of Belarus (48,03 % of the total number of territories) are covered by medical intervention in the form of OLT. In 25 territories (40,98 %) there was one case in each one for OLT. In 22 territories (36,07 %) there were for 2–4 patients with OLT lived, in 13 territories (21,31 %) – 5–16 patients with OLT in each region.

In the current review possible prospects of cellular therapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, as well as the advantages of mesenchymal stem cells, were considered. The results of the application of cellular therapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in the continuing and in the conducted preclinical and clinical trials were analyzed. Immunomodulatory properties of this type of stem cells in relation to the immune cells in vitro, as well as systemic anti-inflammatory effect in the in vivo experiments, have been revealed. The positive results of in vivo experiments using the mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment of the atopic dermatitis, as well as the absence of side effects (according to the literature), allows to consider this approach as one of the most promising methods of therapy of atopic dermatitis.

We searched for pathogenic mutations and evaluated the results of using high-performance sequencing in a patient with a clinically established diagnosis of Marfan syndrome. Along with a mutation in gene of FBN1, which responsible for development of a life-threatening condition ‒ aneurysm and aortic dissection, the other variants of replacement of nucleotide sequences of uncertain significance was revealed. Clinical interpretation allows judging the possibility for their influence on the severity and course of the underlying disease from the standpoint of the development of other comorbid diseases.

Samples of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is a liquid substance, when applied to the wound surface in animals with induced diabetes (MD) locally is not recorded and partly flowed outside the wound. In this regard, the in vitro formation of gel studied samples of PRP in the presence of a number of components of Gelation in different volumetric ratios. As activators used: calcium chloride (10 % solution), calcium gluconate (10 % solution), aprotinin (5000 ED/ml), Thrombin (100 ED/ml). Gel time, studied the ability of the uniform distribution on the set square and the adhesive properties of the local commit. Developed convenient from the standpoint of Gelation time and method for forming gel adhesiveness of samples PRP. Found that optimal for use on skin wounds with MD models from the positions of Gelation and adhesiveness is a method of obtaining PRP gel by adding Thrombin 20 u/ml in the ratio of 2:1 in the presence of calcium gluconate.

The review provides literature data about the use of computer navigation system in total knee arthroplasty. The reasons and structure of revision operations, which are necessary when the result of primary arthroplasty is unsatisfactory, and possible ways for reducing their number, are described. There are defined advantages and disadvantages of using the computer navigation system. The research data is presented to compare navigation and traditional techniques of total knee arthroplasty by such parameters as position of components, restoration of the correct mechanical axis, period of validity of endoprosthesis, and the quality of limb function restoration. The lead role for wide distribution of navigation systems was played by their influence on reducing the frequency of revision operations and better functional outcomes.

The big range of modern functional methods of researches of cardiovascular system available to most the treatmentand-prophylactic organizations of health care is given today in article. Special attention is paid on indications and contraindications to their carrying out. The listed methods of functional diagnostics at their purposeful use and the correct interpretation of results of a research provide to the practical doctor rather large volume of the valuable diagnostic information including which does not have equivalents in clinical displays of a disease that allows the doctor to estimate objectively extent of violations of concrete function at a preclinical stage of a disease to estimate adequacy to the carried-out therapy, rehabilitations. At healthy faces to estimate functional reserves of an organism, first of all the blood circulatory systems, for the purpose of the forecast and control of individual adaptation of the person to extreme conditions of the habitat, to sports loadings, at professional selection and medical observation of divers, pilots, etc.

The article contains literature data and some personal observations about smells coming from cancer patients. Importance of this phenomenon in diagnostics.