A study of the effectiveness and safety of the use of hemostatic tourniquets of the Esmarch type, presented in the Republic of Belarus, has been conducted. A reliable dependence of the intensity of pain sensations on the floor, the diameter of the flagellated area, as well as the length, width and elasticity of the tourniquet, and the initial level of systolic blood pressure was established. A rubber hemostatic tourniquet manufactured by CEFI LLC (RB) demonstrated optimal consumer characteristics.

In this article we analyze the main theoretical points of medical support of connections (military units) in terms of organizational and medical evacuation measures of the medical service, on the basis of which the main purpose and principles of medical support are clarified, the requirements and definition of the concept of «efficiency» of medical support are formulated. The results of the conducted research make it possible to unify the basic theoretical provisions of medical support for connections (military units), to offer an explanation and simplify the understanding of the essence of the theory of medical support for modern combat operations.

The possibilities of increasing motivation in patients to engage in physical therapy are being considered. The role of physical therapy in rehabilitation. Types of motivation and their connection with the effectiveness of physical therapy exercises. Methods and means of increasing motivation.

Currently the technologies for the treatment of liver failure to create a “bioartificial liver” are actively being developed in a parallel with the organ transplantation. Such tissue-engineered constructs obtained by devitalization can preserve both the native structure and the three-dimensional architecture of the liver, ensuring biocompatibility for subsequent recellularization. However, it is important to maintain a balance between cell removal and the quality of the extracellular matrix, since excessive devitalization can lead to degradation of the scaffold microarchitecture. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the quality of the human liver scaffold after machine decellularization process.

The developed algorithm for decellularization of the human liver using machine perfusion makes it possible to obtain an acellular matrix in a minimum time period, which meets the main quality control criteria (absence of a cellular component, minimal content of residual DNA in the tissue, preservation of the extracellular matrix, sterility, absence of a cytotoxic effect).

Aim. To conduct a clinical pathogenetic assessment of cardiovascular disorders in patients with behavior disorders during the rapid eye movement sleep phase (BDRME).

Materials and methods. The material for the study was the data of polysomnographic examinations of 18 patients who showed a clinical picture of a behavior disorder during the sleep phase with rapid eye movements (BDRME). The comparison group was 20 volunteers without complaints of sleep disorders or the presence of cardio-respiratory disorders, aged 42–61 years.

Results. The obtained results reliably indicate the presence of specific changes in the frequency of episodes of heart rate variability and average heart rate during periods of functional sleep, during the diagnostic night.

Conclusions. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of their occurrence, as well as ways to correct these disorders, are considered.

The article presents the quantitative parameters of the manifestations of the epidemic process of scabies in the military collectives of the Republic of Belarus. In the long-term dynamics of the scabies incidence, a moderate tendency to decrease the intensity of the epidemic process has been established (the average annual rate of decline was 2.6 %, p < 0.05). The relative risk of scabies in military collectives in some years was 1.6–2.1 times higher than in the civilian population. In the annual dynamics of the incidence of scabies among military personnel, an autumn-winter seasonal rise has been established with a moderate intensification of the epidemic process in April. For effective anti-epidemic protection of troops from the introduction, occurrence and spread of scabies, recommendations are proposed to improve the organization and conduct of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in epidemic foci of the invasive contact type.

Objective. Assessment of accuracy and efficiency of the «BoneAgeAnalyzer» software application for determining the bone age of children in the Republic of Belarus.

Materials and methods. X-ray images of hand and wrist joint in direct projection of 305 male and female patients with traumatic pathology at the age of 2–16.9 years.

Results. The accuracy values of bone age determination obtained using the «BoneAgeAnalyzer» application are comparable to those obtained using the Greilich-Pyle method. Using the application helps to significantly reduce the time of X-ray image analysis, as well as provides 100 % reproducibility of results when repeatedly examining the same X-ray image, which eliminates the factor of subjectivity observed during the examination of images by specialists with different qualifications.

Conclusion. The software application «BoneAgeAnalyzer» can be used for bone age assessment in clinical practice. Using an automated system implemented on the basis of computer neural networks makes it possible to determine bone age with high accuracy, objectify minimal changes in the radiographic anatomical characteristics of the bones of hand and distal forearm, significantly simplify the process of analyzing radiographs and reduce the study time.

The article examines historical aspects and modern approaches to the diagnosis of death from drowning. The purpose of the study is to systematize the morphological picture and generalize modern approaches to the forensic medical diagnostics of mechanical asphyxia, which developed as a result of the closure of the airways with water during drowning. To achieve this goal, a study of special literature devoted to the problems of forensic medical diagnosis of drowning was carried out, and a retrospective analysis of drowning cases in the Zavodsky and Leninsky districts of Minsk for 2021–2023 was carried out. Based on the results of the study, based on literature data and expert practice, the most significant forensic diagnostic signs of drowning were identified and summarized. Recommendations are given to improve the quality of expert research, enhance the degree of scientific validity and reliability of conclusions by introducing modern methods of forensic medical diagnostics of drowning into expert practice.

The article provides an overview of modern approaches to the combined prescription of antithrombotic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation who have indications for taking oral anticoagulants when they develop acute coronary syndrome, requiring the prescription of parenteral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. These approaches are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy while reducing the risk of developing hemorrhagic complications.

This article provides information about the algorithm of therapeutic prescriptions in physiotherapy in order to create an effective and optimal complex of use of therapeutic physical factors.

The second part of the article describes modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis, methods of prevention and principles of follow-up.

The progression of chronic gastritis leads to degenerative changes in the gastric mucosa – atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia. Atrophic gastritis is a precancerous disease, therefore, choosing the right management tactics for a patient with chronic gastritis can serve as a preventive measure for gastric adenocarcinoma.

The article provides a brief overview of the main information on the negative impact on the environment and human health of the renewable natural energy resources of «green energy» currently used in the world – water, sun, wind, biofuels. A brief general description of these energy resources, which are replenished naturally and are inexhaustible, and the specifics of their use in different countries are given. It is noted that there is a need to change the structure of the global energy balance towards increasing the share of renewable energy sources as the least dangerous to the environment and human health compared with non-renewable ones, as well as searching for fundamentally new approaches to the development of environmentally safe and highly efficient energy sources to fully meet all the needs of mankind.

The article analyzes approaches to determining the severity of harm to health in the form of a mental disorder in the Republic of Belarus.

Purpose of the work: to analyze the regulatory, legal and practical difficulties that arise for specialists in the field of mental health, and also to offer their vision of ways to optimize the procedure for assessing the severity of harm to mental health among crime victims.

Results. The study showed that the current legislative norms of Belarus allow an unambiguous approach, according to which any mental disorders arising as a result of illegal actions can be classified exclusively as serious, which, however, does not correspond to the modern views of clinical and forensic psychiatry. On the other hand, this approach does not meet the goals of restorative justice and mental health, pursuing a key goal, namely the classification of crime.

Conclusions. The authors of the article offer their vision of ways to optimize the procedure for assessing the severity of harm to mental health that occurs to victims as a result of offenses, through the removal of mental disorders from the criminal process into the civil process with the corresponding transformation of the category «moral injury» into «psychiatric/psychological injury».

The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among patients who go to medical organizations for pain is in the range of up to 80–85 %. Musculoskeletal nonspecific low back pain is associated with the involvement of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and facet joints. Myofascial pain syndrome in the structure of musculoskeletal pain is characterized by a chronic course with the formation of trigger points in limited areas of tense muscles and fascia. In the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in chronic course, the main role is assigned to physical therapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy along with the appointment of antidepressants, acupuncture and massage are recommended, but the level of evidence of the effectiveness of these methods is low. The article contains information about modern methods of medical rehabilitation, including drug therapy used both in the acute period of the disease and in the chronic course of myofascial pain syndrome. Moreover, this article shows the methods of non-drug medical rehabilitation of myofascial pain syndrome, which are highly effective, which is achieved by influencing the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of myofascial trigger zones. Modern methods used in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome, such as kinesiotaping, photomodulation, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, are demonstrated. It is concluded that it is necessary to further study the methods of medical rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal pain, and their combination, since an integrated approach to the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome significantly increases the effectiveness of the treatment.

This article retrospectively analyzes 17 completed cases of testicular torsion in the time interval from December 2003 to January 2024 (20 years). The authors studied the clinical features, history, objective status, and treatment results of patients with testicular torsion. A clinical case of late admission of a patient with this pathology is presented. On the basis of retrospective analysis the necessity of TWIST scale application to improve the diagnosis of testicular torsion is substantiated. The role and place of manual detorsion in reducing critical testicular ischemia is shown.

The article presents modern approaches to carrying out forensic and medical follow-up of gunshot injury. The purpose of the study was to establish objective and scientifically based criteria for determining the type of obstacle from the surface of which a projectile ricocheted when fired from smoothbore weapons. To achieve this goal, a ballistic experiment was carried out on the specified type of behind-the-barrier gunshot injury, a comprehensive medical and forensic study of the results. Binary logistic regression models have been developed that make it possible to carry out a probabilistic prediction of the type of barrier (ordinary clay brick of grade 100, concrete of grade M350 of grade V25, steel of grade St45), from the surface of which a bullet or buckshot ricocheted. Established patterns can be used in court. To achieve this goal, a ballistic experiment was carried out on the specified type of altarpiece gunshot injury, a comprehensive medical and forensic study of the results. Binary logistic regression models have been developed that make it possible to carry out a probabilistic prediction of the type of barrier (ordinary clay brick of grade 100, concrete of grade M350 of grade V25, steel of grade St45), from the surface of which a bullet or buckshot ricocheted. Established patterns can be used in forensic medical practice to form an objective and scientific basis for determining the conditions for the formation of gunshot injury.

The article presents modern ideas about carbon monoxide poisoning – the concept and definitions, epidemiology, classification, the main mechanisms in the development of the disease, approaches to diagnosis and the basic principles of the organization of therapeutic care at the stages of medical evacuation in acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur in case of fires, malfunctions or improper use of the gas network or furnace heating. A large amount of carbon monoxide is formed during the operation of automotive (and any other) internal combustion engines.

Due to the increased frequency of terrorist attacks using unmanned aerial vehicles on industrial facilities in the Russian Federation and the emergence of large foci of their ignition, the number of carbon monoxide poisoning has increased. The continuing tense situation near the state border of the Republic of Belarus with an increasing likelihood of such incidents on our territory requires good training of medical workers and emergency service specialists in the knowledge of pathology caused by carbon monoxide.

This article depicts the peculiarities of the course and difficulties of genital dirofilariosis as well as describes routes of transmission and incidence of the filaroid nematodes in Belarus and beyond. Genital dirofilariosis is a rare zoonotic filaroid infection in urological practice caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria. Therefore, each case of disease is noteworthy for urologists, as well as physicians and surgeons. We present a clinical demonstration of genital dirofilariosis of a 21-year-old man. The patient was admitted to the urology department with complaints of feeling of pressure and mass in the left half of the scrotum. The patient was fully examined, and a cyst-like formation was revealed in scrotum, presumably of parasitic origin. Surgery and nematode verification was performed.